Question 1: Which of the following is a recessive allele?

Answer: An allele that is only expressed in the homozygous state

Question 2: Match the following terms to their definitions:

Answer: See full answer key

Question 3: In a genetic cross between two heterozygous organisms (Aa x Aa), what is the probability of the offspring being homozygous recessive?

Answer: 25%

Question 4: Explain the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance.

Answer: Codominance occurs when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype, while incomplete dominance results in a blend of the traits.

Question 5: True or False: A carrier of a genetic disorder will always show symptoms of the disorder.

Answer: False

Question 6: Order the steps of meiosis from start to finish:

Answer: See full answer key

Question 7: Calculate the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring of a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parents (AaBb x AaBb).

Answer: 9:3:3:1

Question 8: Fill in the blank: The structure that carries genetic information is the ______.

Answer: chromosome

Question 9: What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer: mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 10: Discuss the impact of genetic mutations on organisms, providing examples.

Answer: Genetic mutations can have a range of effects on organisms, from benign to harmful. For example, a mutation might lead to a beneficial trait such as antibiotic resistance in bacteria, or cause genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis in humans.

Question 11: True or False: Inheritance patterns in humans are always straightforward and predictable.

Answer: False

Question 12: Describe Mendel's Law of Segregation.

Answer: Mendel's Law of Segregation states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization.