Question 1: What is the basic unit of heredity?

Answer: Gene

Question 2: Which of the following is not a type of mutation?

Answer: Synthesis

Question 3: What is the probability of an offspring having blue eyes if both parents are heterozygous brown-eyed (B = brown, b = blue)?

Answer: 25%

Question 4: True or False: All genetic traits are inherited from both parents equally.

Answer: False

Question 5: True or False: Identical twins have the same genetic makeup.

Answer: True

Question 6: Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype.

Answer: Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable characteristics.

Question 7: Describe the role of mRNA in protein synthesis.

Answer: mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 8: Identify one advantage of genetic variation in a population.

Answer: Genetic variation increases a population's ability to adapt to environmental changes.

Question 9: Calculate the frequency of a recessive allele if the dominant allele frequency is 0.7 (use p + q = 1).

Answer: 0.3

Question 10: Match the following terms to their definitions:

Answer: See full answer key

Question 11: Order the steps of protein synthesis:

Answer: See full answer key

Question 12: Fill in the blank: The physical appearance of an organism is its ______.

Answer: phenotype

Question 13: Discuss the impact of genetic mutations on evolution. Provide examples to support your answer.

Answer: Genetic mutations can introduce new traits that may be beneficial, neutral, or detrimental, affecting evolution. For example, mutations that confer antibiotic resistance to bacteria...