Question 1: Which of the following is a primary defense mechanism of the human body?

Answer: Skin

Question 2: True or False: Antibiotics are effective against viruses.

Answer: False

Question 3: True or False: Vaccines contain weakened or dead pathogens.

Answer: True

Question 4: What are antibodies and how do they function in the body?

Answer: Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens.

Question 5: Explain the process of vaccination and why it is important.

Answer: Vaccination involves introducing a vaccine into the body to stimulate the immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease. It is important because it helps prevent the spread of infectious diseases, protects individuals from severe illnesses, and contributes to herd immunity.

Question 6: Identify three ways pathogens can be transmitted and provide an example for each.

Answer: Pathogens can be transmitted through direct contact (e.g., touching an infected person), airborne (e.g., sneezing), and contaminated food or water (e.g., consuming undercooked meat).

Question 7: Calculate the effectiveness of a vaccine given that it reduces the risk of disease by 85%. Show your working.

Answer: Effectiveness = (1 - risk reduction) x 100

Question 8: Match the following terms to their definitions:

Answer: See full answer key

Question 9: Order the steps of the immune response from first to last.

Answer: See full answer key

Question 10: Fill in the blank: The main component of the immune system that fights off pathogens is the ______.

Answer: white blood cells