Question 1: Which of the following is an example of a viral infection?

Answer: Influenza

Question 2: Match the following terms to their definitions:

Answer: See full answer key

Question 3: Fill in the blank: Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of a particular organism that triggers an immune response within the body without causing illness. This process is called _________.

Answer: immunization

Question 4: What is the role of white blood cells in the immune system?

Answer: White blood cells help protect the body against infection by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.

Question 5: Explain how antibiotics work and why they are ineffective against viruses.

Answer: Antibiotics work by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. They are ineffective against viruses because viruses replicate inside host cells, where antibiotics cannot reach them.

Question 6: Order the steps of a typical immune response:

Answer: See full answer key

Question 7: True or False: All bacteria are harmful to humans.

Answer: False

Question 8: True or False: Vaccines can prevent viral infections.

Answer: True

Question 9: Calculate the increase in population of a bacterial culture that doubles every 30 minutes if starting with 100 bacteria after 2 hours.

Answer: 1600

Question 10: Describe how vaccines help in the prevention of infectious diseases. Discuss their importance in public health.

Answer: Vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to recognize and fight pathogens without causing the disease. They are crucial in preventing outbreaks, reducing the spread of diseases, and protecting vulnerable populations. Vaccination programs have led to the eradication or control of diseases like polio and measles.

Question 11: Identify the primary symptoms of a bacterial infection.

Answer: Common symptoms include fever, chills, fatigue, and localized pain or inflammation.