Question 1: Which of the following substances is a strong acid?

Answer: Hydrochloric acid

Question 2: True or False: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.

Answer: True

Question 3: True or False: A pH of 7 indicates a strong acid.

Answer: False

Question 4: Define a 'base' in terms of its ability to accept or donate protons.

Answer: A base is a substance that accepts protons.

Question 5: Explain why lemon juice has a lower pH compared to soap.

Answer: Lemon juice contains citric acid, which lowers its pH, making it more acidic than soap.

Question 6: What is the pH of a neutral solution?

Answer: 7

Question 7: Calculate the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 x 10^-4 M. (Use the formula pH = -log[H+])

Answer: 4

Question 8: Match the following terms to their definitions:

Answer: See full answer key

Question 9: Order the following steps in the process of neutralization:

Answer: See full answer key

Question 10: Fill in the blank: A pH less than 7 indicates a(n) ____ solution.

Answer: acidic

Question 11: Discuss the environmental impact of acid rain and the measures that can be taken to reduce it.

Answer: Acid rain is caused by the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, which react with water vapor to form acids. It can damage ecosystems, buildings, and human health. Measures to reduce acid rain include reducing emissions from vehicles and industrial processes, using alternative energy sources, and implementing regulations to limit pollution.