Question 1: Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Answer: Covalent bond

Question 2: True or False: Ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals.

Answer: True

Question 3: True or False: Covalent bonds result in the formation of ions.

Answer: False

Question 4: Define 'metallic bonding' and give an example.

Answer: Metallic bonding is the force of attraction between free electrons and metal ions. Example: Copper.

Question 5: Describe the process of ionic bond formation between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl).

Answer: Sodium loses one electron to become Na+, Chlorine gains one electron to become Cl-, forming NaCl.

Question 6: Explain how the structure of diamond is related to its properties.

Answer: Diamond's strong covalent bonds and tetrahedral structure make it extremely hard and have a high melting point.

Question 7: In what order do the following steps occur in the formation of a covalent bond?

Answer: See full answer key

Question 8: Match the following terms to their definitions:

Answer: See full answer key

Question 9: Fill in the blank: A ____ bond is formed when atoms share electrons.

Answer: covalent

Question 10: Calculate the empirical formula of a compound containing 40% sulfur and 60% oxygen by mass. (Relative atomic masses: S=32, O=16)

Answer: SO3

Question 11: Discuss how the properties of ionic compounds are linked to their structure. Include at least three properties in your answer.

Answer: Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to strong electrostatic forces. They conduct electricity when molten or dissolved because ions are free to move. They are brittle because like-charged ions repel when layers slide.