Question 1: Which of the following is a characteristic of solids?

Answer: Definite shape

Question 2: The process of a liquid turning into a gas is called:

Answer: Evaporation

Question 3: What occurs when gas particles lose energy?

Answer: Condensation

Question 4: True or false: All solids have a definite volume.

Answer: True

Question 5: True or false: Gases have fixed shapes.

Answer: False

Question 6: Explain why gases are compressible while liquids are not.

Answer: Gases are compressible because their particles are far apart, allowing them to be pushed closer together. In contrast, liquid particles are closer together, leaving little room for compression.

Question 7: Describe the process of sublimation and provide an example.

Answer: Sublimation is the transition of a substance from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state. An example is dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) sublimating into carbon dioxide gas.

Question 8: What is the boiling point of water at sea level?

Answer: 100°C

Question 9: Calculate the energy required to convert 100g of ice at 0°C to steam at 100°C. (Latent heat of fusion: 334 J/g, Latent heat of vaporization: 2260 J/g, Specific heat capacity of water: 4.18 J/g°C)

Answer: The total energy required is 301,800 J.

Question 10: Match the following terms to their definitions:

Answer: See full answer key

Question 11: Order the steps of the water cycle correctly.

Answer: See full answer key

Question 12: Fill in the blank: The change from a liquid to a gas is called ________.

Answer: evaporation

Question 13: Discuss in detail how temperature affects the states of matter, using water as an example. Include explanations of heat energy changes and particle motion.

Answer: Temperature affects states of matter by altering the kinetic energy of particles. In the case of water, as temperature increases, ice (solid) absorbs heat, causing particles to move more freely, leading to melting into liquid water. Further heating leads to boiling, where water transitions to steam (gas), as particles gain sufficient energy to overcome intermolecular forces. Conversely, cooling causes energy loss, slowing particles, and water condenses from gas to liquid, eventually freezing back into solid ice.