Question 1: Which type of rock is formed from cooled lava or magma?

Answer: Igneous

Question 2: Match the following rock types to their formation process:

Answer: See full answer key

Question 3: True or False: Metamorphic rocks can only form from igneous rocks.

Answer: False

Question 4: True or False: The rock cycle is a linear process.

Answer: False

Question 5: Explain the process by which sedimentary rock can become metamorphic rock.

Answer: Through exposure to heat and pressure, sedimentary rock undergoes physical and chemical changes to become metamorphic.

Question 6: Calculate the density of a rock with a mass of 250 g and a volume of 50 cm³. Use the formula: Density = Mass / Volume.

Answer: 5 g/cm³

Question 7: Describe the sequence of events that lead to the formation of sedimentary rocks.

Answer: See full answer key

Question 8: Fill in the blank: Magma that reaches the Earth's surface is called ______.

Answer: lava

Question 9: What is the role of pressure in the formation of metamorphic rocks?

Answer: Pressure causes realignment of minerals and recrystallization, changing the rock's structure and composition.

Question 10: How does the cooling rate of magma affect the texture of igneous rocks?

Answer: Slow cooling results in coarse-grained textures, while rapid cooling results in fine-grained textures.

Question 11: Discuss how the rock cycle contributes to the constant recycling of Earth's materials. (6 marks)

Answer: The rock cycle is a continuous process where rocks are transformed from one type to another. Igneous rocks form from cooled magma or lava, which can break down into sediments that form sedimentary rocks. These can be subjected to heat and pressure to become metamorphic rocks, which can melt into magma, completing the cycle. This process recycles Earth's materials, ensuring that no rock type is permanent and that Earth's crust is dynamic and ever-changing.