Question 1: Define 'employment contract' and explain why it is important for both the employer and the employee.

Answer: An employment contract is a legal agreement between an employer and an employee that outlines the terms and conditions of employment. It is important because it clarifies expectations, rights, and responsibilities, providing legal protection for both parties.

Question 2: List three rights that employees have under UK employment law.

Answer: Employees have the right to a minimum wage, protection against unfair dismissal, and paid holiday entitlement.

Question 3: Explain what is meant by 'unfair dismissal' and give one example scenario where it might occur.

Answer: Unfair dismissal occurs when an employee is dismissed without a fair reason or without following proper procedures. For example, dismissing an employee because they took maternity leave could be considered unfair.

Question 4: Describe the purpose of the Equality Act 2010 in employment law.

Answer: The Equality Act 2010 aims to prevent discrimination in the workplace based on characteristics such as age, gender, race, religion, or disability, ensuring fair treatment for all employees.

Question 5: Identify two conditions that must be met for a dismissal to be considered fair under UK law.

Answer: The employer must have a valid reason related to the employee's conduct or capability, and the dismissal must follow a fair procedure, including warnings and a chance to improve.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram illustrating the process an employee might follow if they believe they have been unfairly dismissed. Label the key steps.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a flowchart starting with 'Employee notices issue' leading to 'Discuss with employer', then 'Lodge a formal complaint', followed by 'Mediation or tribunal', ending with 'Resolution or legal action'.

Question 7: Explain what is meant by 'discrimination' in the workplace and give an example.

Answer: Discrimination in the workplace means treating someone unfairly because of a characteristic such as race, gender, or age. For example, paying a woman less than a man for the same job is discrimination.

Question 8: What is redundancy, and how does it differ from unfair dismissal?

Answer: Redundancy occurs when a job is no longer needed, often due to changes in the business. It differs from unfair dismissal because redundancy is a lawful reason for ending employment if proper procedures are followed, whereas unfair dismissal involves unjust reasons or procedures.

Question 9: Draw a diagram showing the main stages of the hiring process in a business, from job vacancy to new employee starting work. Label each stage clearly.

Answer: A suitable diagram would include stages such as 'Job vacancy advertised', 'Application received', 'Interview process', 'Job offer made', 'Acceptance', and 'Employee starts work'.