Question 1: Define the term 'employment contract' and explain its importance for both employers and employees.

Answer: An employment contract is a legally binding agreement between an employer and an employee that outlines the terms and conditions of employment. It is important because it clarifies duties, rights, pay, working hours, and other employment conditions, helping to prevent disputes.

Question 2: List three key rights that employees have under UK employment law.

Answer: Employees have the right to a minimum wage, protection against unfair dismissal, and paid holiday entitlement.

Question 3: Explain what is meant by 'discrimination' in the workplace and give two examples.

Answer: Discrimination in the workplace occurs when an employee is treated unfairly because of personal characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, or disability. Examples include refusing to hire someone because of their race or paying women less than men for the same work.

Question 4: Describe the purpose of the Equality Act 2010 in employment law.

Answer: The Equality Act 2010 aims to prevent discrimination and promote equal opportunities for all employees regardless of their personal characteristics, such as age, gender, race, or disability.

Question 5: A company wants to dismiss an employee for poor performance. What legal considerations must they take into account to ensure the dismissal is fair?

Answer: The company must follow a fair procedure, including giving the employee warnings and a chance to improve, conducting a proper investigation, and providing a valid reason for dismissal based on performance. They must also ensure the dismissal is not based on discrimination.

Question 6: Explain the difference between 'redundancy' and 'dismissal' with regard to employment law.

Answer: Redundancy occurs when a job is no longer needed, often due to business closure or restructuring, and can lead to dismissal. Dismissal is the termination of employment for reasons such as poor performance or misconduct. Redundancy is usually considered a fair reason if handled correctly.

Question 7: Sketch a simple diagram that illustrates the process of an employee making a claim for unfair dismissal. Include key steps such as 'complaint,' 'investigation,' 'tribunal hearing,' and 'decision.'

Answer: A flowchart with sequential boxes: 1. Employee makes complaint to employer, 2. Employer investigates the claim, 3. If unresolved, employee can take the case to an employment tribunal, 4. Tribunal conducts a hearing, 5. Tribunal makes a decision and awards compensation if applicable.

Question 8: Identify two legal obligations that an employer must fulfill under health and safety laws in the workplace.

Answer: Employers must ensure a safe working environment and provide appropriate safety training to employees.

Question 9: Describe what is meant by 'working hours regulation' in UK employment law and how it protects employees.

Answer: Working hours regulation limits the number of hours an employee can work per week, typically to 48 hours, and mandates rest breaks. It protects employees from overwork and ensures health and safety standards are maintained.

Question 10: Sketch a brief outline of the steps involved in resolving a workplace dispute through formal procedures.

Answer: A written outline showing: 1. Employee raises issue informally, 2. Formal complaint made to HR or manager, 3. Disciplinary or mediation meeting held, 4. If unresolved, the matter may go to arbitration or employment tribunal, 5. Final resolution or decision is reached.