Question 1: Describe the main roles and responsibilities of the UK Parliament.

Answer: The UK Parliament's main roles include making and passing laws, scrutinising the government, representing the interests of citizens, and debating national issues.

Question 2: Explain how the Prime Minister is chosen in the UK political system.

Answer: The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the political party that has the most seats in the House of Commons after a general election. They are appointed by the Monarch but must have the support of Parliament.

Question 3: Identify two differences between the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

Answer: The House of Commons is made up of elected Members of Parliament (MPs) who represent constituencies, whereas the House of Lords is made up of appointed members, including life peers, bishops, and hereditary peers. The Commons has the power to make and pass laws, while the Lords mainly review and suggest amendments.

Question 4: Describe the process by which a bill becomes law in the UK.

Answer: A bill is proposed in either the House of Commons or the House of Lords. It goes through several readings and debates in both houses. If both agree on the final version, it is sent to the Monarch for royal assent, after which it becomes law.

Question 5: Discuss the role of local government in the UK and how it differs from the national government.

Answer: Local government manages community services like schools, waste collection, and local planning. It differs from the national government, which makes laws and policies affecting the entire country. Local councils are elected locally and focus on community needs.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram of the UK government structure, including the three main branches and their primary functions.

Answer: A correct sketch should show three branches: the Executive (Prime Minister and Cabinet), the Legislature (Parliament with House of Commons and House of Lords), and the Judiciary (Supreme Court). Arrows or labels should indicate their main functions: making laws, enforcing laws, and interpreting laws.

Question 7: Explain the term 'constitutional monarchy' as it applies to the UK government.

Answer: A constitutional monarchy is a system where a monarch acts as the head of state within the limits set by a constitution or laws, sharing power with elected government institutions. In the UK, the Monarch's role is mostly ceremonial.

Question 8: Identify one way in which voting in the UK influences government decisions.

Answer: Voting determines the composition of Parliament, which in turn influences the laws and policies that the government implements.

Question 9: Sketch a diagram of the electoral process for a general election, including the steps from voting to the formation of a government.

Answer: A correct sketch should include stages such as citizens casting votes, votes being counted, the party with the most seats forming a government, and the Prime Minister being appointed. Labels should clarify each step.

Question 10: Reflect on why it is important for citizens to understand how their government functions.

Answer: Understanding government functions helps citizens make informed decisions, participate effectively in democracy, hold leaders accountable, and advocate for their rights and interests.