Question 1: Define the term 'legal rights' and give two examples of rights protected by UK law.

Answer: Legal rights are rights that are protected and enforced by law. Examples include the right to a fair trial and the right to freedom of speech.

Question 2: Explain why the right to vote is considered a fundamental legal right in the UK.

Answer: The right to vote is fundamental because it allows citizens to participate in democratic decision-making and influence laws and policies.

Question 3: Describe a scenario where someone's legal rights might be violated. What law protects their rights in this situation?

Answer: If someone is unfairly dismissed from their job without a valid reason, their right to fair treatment is violated. Employment laws, such as the Equality Act, protect their rights.

Question 4: Sketch a diagram illustrating the relationship between the three branches of UK government and their role in protecting citizens' rights.

Answer: A correct sketch would show three circles or boxes labeled 'Legislature,' 'Executive,' and 'Judiciary' with arrows demonstrating their interaction. The judiciary interprets laws to protect rights, the legislature makes laws, and the executive enforces laws.

Question 5: List three rights guaranteed by the Human Rights Act 1998 that apply to individuals in the UK.

Answer: The right to life, freedom from torture and inhumane treatment, and the right to a fair trial.

Question 6: Explain how the law protects individuals from discrimination and give an example of a law that addresses discrimination.

Answer: Laws prohibit discrimination based on characteristics like race, gender, or disability. An example is the Equality Act 2010, which makes discrimination unlawful in areas such as employment and services.

Question 7: Identify a recent legal case in the UK where citizens’ rights were challenged or upheld. Summarize the case briefly.

Answer: Students may mention the case of R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (2017), where the Supreme Court ruled that Parliament must approve Brexit, upholding parliamentary sovereignty and citizens' legal rights to have a say in significant constitutional changes.

Question 8: Draw a flowchart showing the process by which a new law is passed in the UK Parliament, starting from proposal to becoming law.

Answer: A correct flowchart would include: Proposal (Bill introduced) → First Reading → Second Reading (debate) → Committee Stage (detailed examination) → Report Stage → Third Reading (final approval) → The House of Lords (similar process) → Royal Assent (becomes law).

Question 9: Discuss why it is important for citizens to know their legal rights. Provide two reasons.

Answer: Knowing their rights helps citizens to defend themselves if those rights are violated, and it enables them to participate effectively in democratic processes and decision-making.

Question 10: Sketch a simple diagram showing the concept of 'rights' and 'responsibilities' in citizenship. Label your diagram appropriately.

Answer: