Question 1: Identify two instances where dashes are used for emphasis in the passage.

Answer: Examples include the dashes around 'quite unexpectedly' and the dash before 'to break the flow'.

Question 2: What effect do the dashes have on the rhythm of the passage? Provide a brief explanation.

Answer: They create pauses and highlight key moments, adding emphasis and shaping the flow.

Question 3: How are brackets used to insert additional information in the passage? Provide an example.

Answer: Brackets contain supplementary details, such as '(if he had known, he might have hesitated)'.

Question 4: Analyse how the use of brackets affects the tone of the sentence they are part of.

Answer: See full answer key

Question 5: Identify and explain the stylistic effect of the sentence: 'The choice seemed clear — yet ambiguous — leaving everyone in doubt.'

Answer: The dashes emphasise the conflicting nature of the choice, highlighting ambiguity.

Question 6: Choose the correct punctuation to replace the brackets in the sentence: 'His reply was brief, contained in brackets: (if he had known, he might have hesitated).'

Answer: c) ( )

Question 7: Explain how the stylistic use of dashes differs from that of brackets in creating emphasis.

Answer: Dashes create a more abrupt, highlighted emphasis and break the flow, while brackets insert additional, often less prominent information.

Question 8: How might the passage change if all dashes were replaced with commas? Provide a brief explanation.

Answer: Replacing dashes with commas would reduce emphasis and create a more subdued, less dramatic tone.