Question 1: When did Louis Pasteur's germ theory fundamentally change medical understanding?

Answer: 1864

Question 2: Which invention in the 19th century greatly reduced the spread of infection?

Answer: Antiseptic techniques

Question 3: Name one key figure who contributed to the development of X-ray technology.

Answer: Wilhelm Röntgen

Question 4: Identify the date when the NHS was established in Britain.

Answer: 1948

Question 5: Which disease was targeted by the smallpox vaccine developed by Edward Jenner?

Answer: Smallpox

Question 1: Source: 'Louis Pasteur's germ theory revolutionized medicine by explaining how microbes cause disease.' What was the purpose of this source?

Answer: To explain the significance of Pasteur's germ theory in advancing medical understanding.

Question 2: Who was the intended audience for Pasteur's work on germ theory?

Answer: Medical professionals and scientists

Question 3: Evaluate the reliability of this source. What are its strengths and limitations?

Answer: Strength: Based on scientific experiments; Limitation: May lack context of public understanding at the time.

Question 1: Explain why the development of antiseptic techniques in the 19th century was significant for surgery.

Answer: Antiseptic techniques reduced infections during surgery, leading to higher success rates and saving more lives, which marked a major advancement in medical practice.

Question 2: Describe how the introduction of X-ray technology impacted medical diagnosis in the early 20th century.

Answer: X-ray technology allowed doctors to see inside the body without surgery, improving diagnosis of fractures, infections, and other conditions, thus transforming medical treatment.

Question 3: Explain the significance of the establishment of the NHS in 1948 for public health in Britain.

Answer: The NHS provided free healthcare to all, greatly improving access to medical services, reducing health inequalities, and marking a major step towards universal healthcare.

Question 1: To what extent did technological advances between 1850 and 1950 improve healthcare in Britain? Consider both positive impacts and challenges.

Answer: Model answer should discuss key technological advances such as germ theory, antiseptic techniques, X-ray technology, and vaccines, highlighting how these improved diagnosis, treatment, and survival rates, while also addressing challenges like unequal access and public skepticism.