Question 1: When did the Spanish Armada set sail from Spain?

Answer: 1588

Question 2: Who was the English monarch during the Spanish Armada?

Answer: Queen Elizabeth I

Question 3: Name one key leader of the Spanish fleet during the invasion.

Answer: Duke of Medina Sidonia

Question 4: What was the main goal of the Spanish Armada?

Answer: To overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and restore Catholic dominance

Question 5: Which weather condition significantly affected the outcome of the Armada?

Answer: Storms

Question 1: Source: 'The English ships, smaller and faster, used fire ships to break the Spanish formation.' What was the purpose of using fire ships in the battle?

Answer: To cause chaos and break the larger Spanish fleet's formation, making it easier for the English to attack.

Question 2: Evaluate the reliability of this source. What might be its purpose and audience?

Answer: The source aims to explain English tactics; it is likely a secondary source written for educational purposes, possibly by a history textbook author, so it aims to be accurate but may simplify some details.

Question 3: How does this source help us understand the tactics used by the English during the battle?

Answer: It shows that the English used innovative tactics like fire ships, which were crucial in disrupting the Spanish fleet and turning the tide of the battle.

Question 1: Explain why the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588.

Answer: The Spanish Armada was launched to invade England and overthrow Queen Elizabeth I, largely due to religious conflicts, Spain's desire to restore Catholicism, and England's support for Dutch rebels and privateers attacking Spanish ships.

Question 2: Describe how weather and geography affected the outcome of the battle.

Answer: Storms and unfavorable wind conditions damaged the Spanish fleet as they attempted to return around Scotland and Ireland, forcing them into difficult navigation. English ships benefited from calmer weather and their knowledge of local geography, which helped them evade and attack the Spanish.

Question 3: Explain the significance of the defeat of the Spanish Armada.

Answer: The defeat marked a turning point in English history, establishing England as a major naval power, weakening Spain's empire, and boosting Protestant morale. It also prevented a Catholic invasion and influence over England.

Question 1: To what extent was the weather the main factor in the defeat of the Spanish Armada?

Answer: The weather played a crucial role in the Spanish defeat, with storms damaging their ships and disrupting their plans. However, English tactics, leadership, and naval innovation also contributed significantly. A balanced view recognizes that weather was a decisive factor but not the sole reason for the outcome.

Question 2: How far do you agree that the defeat of the Spanish Armada was mainly due to English military superiority?

Answer: While English ships and tactics were more advanced and effective, other factors such as weather, Spanish overconfidence, and strategic mistakes also played vital roles. A balanced argument considers all these aspects to assess the main causes.