Question 1: When did the peak of the Industrial Revolution in America occur?

Answer: Late 19th century (1870s-1900)

Question 2: Name one major industrialist associated with the Gilded Age.

Answer: Andrew Carnegie

Question 3: Which invention significantly transformed American industry during this period?

Answer: The Bessemer process / Steel production

Question 4: When was the Sherman Antitrust Act passed?

Answer: 1890

Question 5: Which sector was NOT a major part of industrial growth during this era?

Answer: Agriculture

Question 1: Source: 'The rise of monopolies and trusts marked the Gilded Age, often criticized for its greed and inequality.' What is the purpose of this source, and what does it suggest about the economic landscape of the period?

Answer: The source aims to highlight the growth of monopolies and trusts during the Gilded Age, suggesting that economic power was concentrated among a few, leading to criticism of greed and social inequality.

Question 2: Evaluate the reliability of this quote based on its tone and perspective.

Answer: The quote reflects a critical perspective typical of reformist or progressive views, which may emphasize negative aspects of capitalism but provides valuable insight into contemporary opinions.

Question 3: Who is likely the intended audience for this source?

Answer: The general public or reform-minded citizens interested in economic and social issues during the Gilded Age.

Question 1: Explain why the rapid growth of industries and monopolies during the Gilded Age led to calls for government regulation.

Answer: The growth of industries and monopolies concentrated economic power in the hands of few, leading to concerns about unfair practices, exploitation, and social inequality. This prompted calls for regulation such as antitrust laws to promote competition and protect consumers.

Question 2: Describe how technological innovations impacted American society during this period.

Answer: Technological innovations like the Bessemer process, railroads, and electric lighting increased productivity, expanded markets, and improved living standards, but also contributed to urbanization and social challenges.

Question 3: Explain the significance of the Homestead Act and its impact on industrial growth.

Answer: The Homestead Act of 1862 encouraged westward expansion by providing land to settlers, which supplied raw materials and labor for industry, thereby supporting economic growth and the expansion of infrastructure.

Question 1: To what extent was the growth of big business and monopolies responsible for social inequality during the Gilded Age? (8-12 marks)

Answer: Answers should evaluate the role of monopolies in creating economic disparities, influencing politics, and shaping social conditions. A balanced response considers both the benefits of industrial growth and the negative consequences of concentration of wealth.

Question 2: How far do you agree that government regulation was the key factor in addressing problems caused by industrialization during this period?

Answer: The response should assess the impact of regulation such as antitrust laws, social reforms, and labor laws, comparing their effectiveness and considering other factors like technological change and social movements.