Question 1: When did the Progressive Era in the United States officially begin?

Answer: 1890

Question 2: Who was a prominent leader advocating for women's suffrage during the Progressive Era?

Answer: Alice Paul

Question 3: What was the main purpose of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906?

Answer: To regulate the labeling and safety of food and medicines

Question 4: Which organization was founded in 1909 to promote labor rights and improve working conditions?

Answer: National Consumers League

Question 5: Describe briefly the significance of the 16th Amendment.

Answer: It authorized the federal government to impose an income tax, increasing government revenue and enabling reforms.

Question 1: Source: 'The Jungle' by Upton Sinclair (1906): 'Meatpacking conditions are inhumane and unsanitary.' What is the purpose of this source, and how might it influence public opinion?

Answer: The purpose is to expose poor meatpacking conditions, aiming to provoke reforms. It likely aimed to raise awareness and generate public support for regulation.

Question 2: Evaluate the reliability of the above source. What limitations might it have?

Answer: As a literary work, it aims to persuade and highlight issues, so it may exaggerate or dramatize conditions. It provides compelling insight but may not be entirely objective.

Question 3: Source: A political cartoon depicting a monopolist squeezing consumers. What message is the creator conveying about trusts and monopolies?

Answer: The cartoon suggests trusts and monopolies exploit consumers and stifle competition, highlighting the need for regulation.

Question 1: Explain why the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 was passed and its impact on the food industry.

Answer: The Act was passed in response to public outrage over unsanitary conditions, as revealed by Sinclair's 'The Jungle.' It mandated sanitary standards and federal inspection, improving food safety and consumer confidence.

Question 2: Describe how the temperance movement contributed to Progressive reforms.

Answer: The temperance movement aimed to reduce alcohol consumption, leading to social reforms like the 18th Amendment, addressing social issues such as family violence and poverty.

Question 3: Explain the significance of the 17th Amendment and how it changed American politics.

Answer: The 17th Amendment mandated the direct election of Senators, increasing democratic participation and reducing corruption in the selection process.

Question 1: To what extent did Progressive reforms achieve their goals in addressing social and economic problems in the United States? (8-12 marks)

Answer: Progressive reforms made significant advances in social justice, regulation, and political participation, such as child labor laws, antitrust legislation, and direct elections. However, some issues like racial inequality persisted, and reforms did not fully eradicate corruption or economic disparity. Overall, reforms laid foundations for modern social policy but had mixed success in solving all problems.