Question 1: When did the discovery of penicillin occur?

Answer: 1928

Question 2: Who is credited with developing the first successful polio vaccine?

Answer: Jonas Salk

Question 3: What was the significance of the NHS founding in 1948?

Answer: It provided free healthcare for all UK citizens, marking a major development in social medicine and public health.

Question 4: Name one major medical breakthrough in the 1960s.

Answer: The development of the heart transplant

Question 5: Explain the impact of antibiotics introduced after 1945.

Answer: Antibiotics drastically reduced death rates from bacterial infections, enabling more effective treatment and saving millions of lives.

Question 1: Source: 'The discovery of penicillin marked the beginning of the antibiotic era, revolutionizing medicine.' What was the purpose of this source?

Answer: To highlight the significance of penicillin and its revolutionary impact on medicine.

Question 2: How might the audience of this source influence its tone or emphasis?

Answer: If aimed at students or medical professionals, it may emphasize innovation; if at the general public, it may focus on hope and progress.

Question 3: Assess the reliability of this source. What are its strengths and limitations?

Answer: As a secondary source, it provides a summarized view but may lack specific details or primary evidence; its reliability depends on the authority of the author.

Question 1: Explain why the development of antibiotics in the 20th century was a turning point in medical history.

Answer: Antibiotics transformed treatment by effectively curing bacterial infections, reducing mortality rates, and enabling more complex surgeries. Their development marked a significant shift from traditional remedies to scientific medicine.

Question 2: Describe how public health initiatives in the 20th century improved medical outcomes.

Answer: Public health campaigns, vaccinations, and the establishment of the NHS increased access to healthcare, reduced disease prevalence, and improved overall life expectancy.

Question 3: Explain the factors that contributed to the rapid medical advancements during the 20th century.

Answer: Factors include technological innovations, increased scientific research, government funding, wartime medical needs, and international collaboration.

Question 1: To what extent was the development of antibiotics the most significant medical breakthrough of the 20th century?

Answer: Model answer should evaluate the importance of antibiotics compared to other breakthroughs like vaccines and imaging technology, considering their impact on mortality and healthcare. It should discuss both sides and conclude with a balanced judgement.