Question 1: Add the following numbers in standard form: 3.2 × 10^5 + 5.7 × 10^4

Answer: 3.77 × 10^5

Question 2: Subtract 6.4 × 10^6 from 8.1 × 10^6.

Answer: 1.7 × 10^6

Question 3: Calculate: 7.5 × 10^3 - 2.3 × 10^2.

Answer: 7.27 × 10^3

Question 4: In a laboratory, a sample weighs 4.8 × 10^2 grams. After removing some, the weight is now 2.3 × 10^2 grams. What was the weight removed?

Answer: 2.5 × 10^2 grams

Question 5: A scientist records a measurement as 9.6 × 10^4. If the actual value is 9.5 × 10^4, what is the difference?

Answer: 1 × 10^3

Question 6: Add: 2.45 × 10^6 + 3.56 × 10^6

Answer: 6.01 × 10^6

Question 7: Subtract 1.2 × 10^5 from 4.3 × 10^5.

Answer: 3.1 × 10^5

Question 8: A large data set has a total of 8.9 × 10^7 entries. If 2.4 × 10^7 entries are removed, how many entries remain?

Answer: 6.5 × 10^7

Question 9: Calculate: (5.6 × 10^8) - (2.3 × 10^8).

Answer: 3.3 × 10^8

Question 10: The mass of a comet is estimated at 1.2 × 10^15 kg. A fragment breaks off, weighing 3.4 × 10^14 kg. What is the new mass of the comet?

Answer: 8.6 × 10^14 kg

Question 11: Identify and correct the mistake in this calculation: 4.5 × 10^6 + 2.3 × 10^5 = 4.73 × 10^6.

Answer: Incorrect, the correct sum is 4.73 × 10^6; but if the student shows work, they should identify that 2.3 × 10^5 should be written as 0.23 × 10^6 before adding.