Question 1: Define the musical device known as 'sequence' and describe how it can be used to develop a melodic idea in a composition.

Answer: A sequence involves repeating a motif or melody at a different pitch level, either higher or lower. It can be used to create a sense of movement or build tension by gradually changing the pitch or rhythm.

Question 2: Listen carefully to a passage where a repeated rhythmic pattern gradually accelerates. Identify which device is being used and explain its effect on the listener.

Answer: The device is called 'accelerando' (or 'rhythmic diminution' if the rhythm pattern itself shortens). It creates a sense of excitement, urgency, or increasing tension.

Question 3: Describe how the use of 'call and response' can add interest to a musical piece. Provide an example scenario of how this device might be used.

Answer: Call and response involves one musical phrase (call) being answered by a second phrase (response). It can create a conversational effect, build anticipation, or add variety. For example, a lead singer singing a phrase and the choir responding.

Question 4: Identify the device used when a composer introduces a sudden change in harmony to create surprise or emphasis. Explain its purpose.

Answer: This device is called 'harmonic surprise' or 'unexpected modulation.' It is used to catch the listener's attention or mark a significant moment in the music.

Question 5: Listen to a passage where a melody is gradually built up by adding notes one at a time, increasing its volume and complexity. Name the device this illustrates and explain its effect.

Answer: The device is 'crescendo' or 'gradual build-up.' It creates anticipation and heightens emotional impact.

Question 6: Sketch a simple rhythmic pattern that demonstrates the use of syncopation. Label the strong and weak beats in your sketch.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a pattern where emphasis is placed on off-beats or weaker beats, such as placing notes on the 'and' counts between the main beats, creating a rhythmic tension.

Question 7: Draw a brief melodic line that uses sequence to develop a motif. Indicate how the motif changes in pitch and/or rhythm.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict the same melodic shape repeated at different pitches, ascending or descending, with slight rhythmic variations to show development.

Question 8: Explain the purpose of using a 'pedal point' in a composition. How does it affect the harmonic tension?

Answer: A pedal point is a sustained or repeated note, usually in the bass, over which harmonies change. It creates a sense of stability or tension, especially if the harmonies clash with the pedal note.

Question 9: Identify a device that involves the sudden repetition of a short musical idea, often used to create emphasis or excitement.

Answer: This device is called 'ostinato' if repeated continuously, or 'short motif repetition' if brief. It emphasizes a particular musical idea and can generate excitement.

Question 10: Describe how a composer might use 'contrast' as a device within a piece. Give an example of two contrasting elements that could be used.

Answer: Contrast involves varying musical elements such as dynamics, tempo, texture, or tonality to create interest. For example, switching from a loud, fast section to a soft, slow section.