Question 1: Describe how jazz music in the early 20th century was different from classical music in terms of rhythm and improvisation.

Answer: Jazz often features syncopated rhythms and improvisation, where musicians create new melodies spontaneously. Classical music tends to have written, structured compositions with fixed melodies and rhythms.

Question 2: Identify and explain the main features of a piece of 20th-century electronic music, based on a verbal description: the music uses synthesized sounds, repetitive patterns, and gradual changes in tone.

Answer: Features include synthesized sounds created electronically, repetitive rhythmic patterns that develop over time, and gradual changes in tone or texture to create interest and atmosphere.

Question 3: List three characteristics that are typical of 20th-century popular music styles such as rock and roll.

Answer: Electric guitar use, strong backbeat rhythm, and simple, catchy melodies.

Question 4: Explain what is meant by 'atonality' in music, and give a brief example of a composer who experimented with this style.

Answer: Atonality means music that does not follow a traditional key or tonal centre, creating a sense of lack of resolution. Arnold Schoenberg was a composer known for experimenting with atonal music.

Question 5: Listen carefully to the imaginary piece described as having a fast tempo, irregular rhythms, and use of dissonant chords. What style of 20th-century music might this be, and why?

Answer: It might be avant-garde or experimental music because of irregular rhythms and dissonance, which challenge traditional harmony and structure.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram of a traditional musical staff and indicate where the notes G, B, D, and F are located in the treble clef.

Answer: A standard five-line staff with notes G on the second line from the bottom, B on the third line, D on the fourth line, and F on the first space, showing their positions relative to the lines and spaces.

Question 7: Describe the difference between monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic textures in music.

Answer: Monophonic texture has a single melody with no accompaniment. Homophonic has a main melody with accompanying chords. Polyphonic involves two or more independent melodies played simultaneously.

Question 8: Imagine a piece of music where multiple instruments play independent melodies at the same time. What texture is this, and what is it called?

Answer: This is polyphonic texture, where several independent melodies are played simultaneously.

Question 9: Draw a simple outline of a musical note called a quarter note and describe its appearance and duration in beats.

Answer: A filled-in oval note head with a straight vertical stem. It typically lasts for one beat in common time.

Question 10: Explain the significance of the invention of the phonograph and how it impacted music in the 20th century.

Answer: The phonograph allowed music to be recorded and played back, making music accessible to a wider audience, and helping to preserve performances for the future.