Question 1: Name the major scale that starts on the note C. List the notes in order.

Answer: C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C

Question 2: Describe the main difference between a major scale and a minor scale in terms of their sound and structure.

Answer: A major scale sounds bright and happy, with a specific pattern of whole and half steps (whole, whole, half, whole, whole, whole, half). A minor scale sounds sad or somber, with a different pattern of steps, often involving a lowered third note.

Question 3: Identify whether the following scale is major or minor: D, E, F, G, A, B, C, D.

Answer: D minor scale

Question 4: Explain what is meant by a 'pentatonic scale' and give an example of a common pentatonic scale used in music.

Answer: A pentatonic scale has five notes per octave, and it often sounds harmonious and simple. An example is the C major pentatonic scale: C, D, E, G, A.

Question 5: Listen carefully to the description: the scale starts on G, moves up using only the notes G, A, B, D, E, G, and skips some notes of the major scale. What type of scale is this likely to be?

Answer: It is likely a G pentatonic scale.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram showing the pattern of whole and half steps in a natural minor scale.

Answer: A diagram with the pattern: Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole.

Question 7: Describe how the sound of a blues scale differs from a major scale.

Answer: A blues scale includes extra 'blue notes' which give it a characteristic soulful, expressive sound. It often has flattened third, fifth, and seventh notes compared to the major scale.

Question 8: Name the scale that starts on A and contains the notes A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A, with a lowered third and seventh. What is this scale called?

Answer: A natural minor scale (or Aeolian mode).

Question 9: List the notes of the G harmonic minor scale.

Answer: G, A, B♭, C, D, E♭, F♯, G

Question 10: Identify the key signature of a scale that has two sharps: F♯ and C♯. Which major scale is this?

Answer: D major scale

Question 11: Sketch a diagram showing the structure of a chromatic scale, indicating the notes involved.

Answer: A sequence of twelve notes, each a half step apart, for example: C, C♯/D♭, D, D♯/E♭, E, F, F♯/G♭, G, G♯/A♭, A, A♯/B♭, B, C.