Question 1: Define dark mass and dark energy in the context of the universe.

Answer: Dark mass refers to unseen matter that exerts gravitational pull, while dark energy is a mysterious force causing the accelerated expansion of the universe.

Question 2: Explain how dark energy affects the rate of expansion of the universe.

Answer: Dark energy causes the universe's expansion to accelerate, increasing the rate at which galaxies move apart.

Question 1: Describe the main difference between dark mass and normal matter.

Answer: Dark mass does not emit light and is invisible, whereas normal matter interacts with light and can be observed directly.

Question 2: What evidence suggests the presence of dark energy in the universe?

Answer: Observations of distant supernovae showing accelerated expansion of the universe indicate the influence of dark energy.

Question 1: Using the formula for the Hubble's Law v = H₀ × d, where H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc, calculate the velocity of a galaxy 100 Mpc away.

Answer: v = 70 km/sec/Mpc × 100 Mpc = 7000 km/sec

Question 2: If the universe is expanding at a rate of 70 km/sec/Mpc, how long will it take for galaxies 1,000 Mpc apart to double their distance assuming constant expansion rate? (Hint: Time = Distance / Velocity)

Answer: Time = 1000 Mpc / 70 km/sec/Mpc ≈ 14.29 billion years

Question 1: Describe an experiment or observation method used by scientists to detect dark energy effects in the universe.

Answer: Scientists observe distant supernovae and measure their brightness and redshift to determine the universe's expansion rate, inferring the presence of dark energy.

Question 2: Identify two variables that must be controlled during space observations to ensure accurate data collection about dark energy.

Answer: Variables include the distance to observed objects and the calibration of telescopic instruments.

Question 3: List safety precautions scientists should consider when operating space telescopes or instruments used in deep-space observations.

Answer: Precautions include ensuring proper shielding from radiation, handling sensitive equipment carefully, and following safety protocols during launch and operation.

Question 1: A recent space probe data indicates that the rate of universe expansion is increasing. Explain how dark energy contributes to this observation.

Answer: Dark energy provides a repulsive force that accelerates the expansion, leading to the observed increase in the rate of universe expansion.

Question 2: Discuss how understanding dark energy can impact future space exploration missions.

Answer: Understanding dark energy helps scientists predict the universe's long-term behavior, plan for future navigation and communication over vast distances, and develop technologies for exploring distant galaxies.