Question 1: Describe the steps you should take if you find someone who is unconscious but breathing. Include safety precautions and how to check their condition.

Answer: Ensure the scene is safe for both the rescuer and the casualty. Check for responsiveness by gently tapping and asking if they are okay. If unconscious but breathing, place them in the recovery position to keep their airway clear and prevent choking. Monitor their breathing and call emergency services immediately.

Question 2: List three signs that indicate someone is experiencing a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).

Answer: Signs include difficulty breathing or wheezing, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, and a sudden feeling of dizziness or loss of consciousness.

Question 3: Explain why it is important to call emergency services before providing first aid in a serious injury case.

Answer: Calling emergency services ensures professional medical help is on the way, which can be vital for the casualty's survival and health. It also allows you to receive guidance on what to do while waiting for help.

Question 4: Describe how to treat a minor burn caused by hot water.

Answer: Cool the burn immediately by running it under cold, running water for at least 10 minutes. Cover the burn with a sterile, non-stick dressing and avoid applying creams or ointments.

Question 5: Draw a diagram of a simple first aid kit and label at least five essential items that should be included.

Answer: A simple sketch should include items such as adhesive plasters, sterile gauze, antiseptic wipes, scissors, and gloves. Labels should clearly identify each item.

Question 6: What is the correct way to perform chest compressions during CPR on an adult? Describe the hand position and depth of compressions.

Answer: Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the person's chest, with the other hand on top, interlocking fingers. Keep elbows straight and push down hard and fast, pressing at least 5 cm deep at a rate of about 100-120 compressions per minute.

Question 7: Explain the importance of checking for responsiveness and breathing before starting first aid.

Answer: Checking responsiveness and breathing helps determine whether the casualty needs immediate CPR or other specific first aid. It ensures that you provide the appropriate assistance and do not delay necessary actions.

Question 8: Describe the procedure for helping someone who is choking and unable to breathe.

Answer: Stand behind the person and give abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) by placing a fist just above the navel, grabbing it with the other hand, and performing quick inward and upward thrusts. Continue until the object is expelled or the person becomes unconscious.

Question 9: Sketch a flowchart showing the steps you would take to assist someone who has sustained a nosebleed.

Answer: A flowchart should include steps such as: sit the person upright, lean forward slightly, pinch the soft part of the nose, apply a cold compress if available, encourage them to breathe through the mouth, and seek medical help if bleeding persists.

Question 10: List three actions you should avoid doing when providing first aid for a suspected spinal injury.

Answer: Do not move the person unless absolutely necessary, avoid trying to realign the neck or back, and do not remove any objects embedded in wounds.