Question 1: Define the term 'crime control' in the context of sociology.

Answer: Crime control refers to efforts and strategies implemented by society to prevent, detect, and punish criminal activity in order to maintain social order.

Question 2: List two formal methods of crime control used by the criminal justice system in the UK.

Answer: Two formal methods are: (1) Police enforcement and investigation, (2) Court trials and sentencing.

Question 3: Explain how community policing serves as a crime control strategy. Provide two potential benefits.

Answer: Community policing involves police working closely with local residents to identify and solve issues. Benefits include increased trust between police and the community, and more effective crime prevention tailored to local needs.

Question 4: Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of using CCTV cameras as a crime control measure.

Answer: Advantage: CCTV can deter criminals and provide evidence for prosecutions. Disadvantage: It may infringe on individual privacy rights and can be costly to maintain.

Question 5: Describe a scenario where a community might implement informal crime control methods. What impact could this have?

Answer: A neighborhood watch program where residents monitor for suspicious activity and report it to police. This can increase community cohesion and reduce crime rates, but might also lead to tensions or false accusations if not managed properly.

Question 6: Draw a simple sketch of a crime prevention strategy involving environmental design, such as improving street lighting or natural surveillance. Label the key features.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a street with well-lit areas, windows overlooking the street (natural surveillance), and perhaps clear sightlines. Labels might include 'street lighting', 'residential windows', and 'open spaces'.

Question 7: Why might some sociologists argue that over-reliance on punitive measures can be harmful to society?

Answer: Sociologists may argue that excessive punishment can lead to social exclusion and marginalization of offenders, which may increase recidivism and undermine social cohesion.

Question 8: Compare formal and informal crime control methods in terms of their effectiveness and potential drawbacks.

Answer: Formal methods, like policing and courts, are structured and legally sanctioned, making them effective in enforcing laws but can be seen as impersonal or oppressive. Informal methods, such as community watch or social sanctions, can foster social cohesion but may lack authority or consistency, and can sometimes lead to bias or conflict.

Question 9: Sketch and label a diagram illustrating the 'broken windows' theory of crime control. Explain the main idea behind this theory.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict a street with broken windows, graffiti, and litter, contrasted with a well-maintained street. Labels include 'disorder', 'visible signs of neglect', and 'community impact'. The theory suggests that visible signs of disorder encourage further crime, so maintaining order can prevent escalation.