Question 1: Define the term 'nuclear family' and explain how it differs from an 'extended family'.

Answer: A nuclear family consists of two parents and their children living together, whereas an extended family includes additional relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, or cousins living in the same household or nearby.

Question 2: Identify two sociological reasons why there has been a decline in traditional extended family living arrangements in the UK.

Answer: Reasons include increased urbanization leading to smaller living spaces and greater mobility, and changing social attitudes towards independence and individualism.

Question 3: Describe one way in which the role of women in family life has changed over recent decades.

Answer: Women now commonly participate in paid employment alongside their traditional roles in domestic tasks, leading to greater gender equality in family responsibilities.

Question 4: Explain what is meant by the term 'family diversity' and give one example of a modern family type that illustrates this concept.

Answer: Family diversity refers to the variety of family structures and arrangements that exist today. An example is same-sex parent families, where two individuals of the same gender raise children together.

Question 5: Discuss two factors that have contributed to an increase in single-parent families in the UK.

Answer: Factors include higher divorce rates and greater social acceptance of single parenthood.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram demonstrating the typical structure of a single-parent family. Label the key components.

Answer: A correct sketch would show one adult figure with children, indicating the parent and children in a household. Labels might include 'Parent' and 'Children'.

Question 7: In sociological terms, what is meant by 'family role' and how can these roles change over time?

Answer: A family role refers to the expected behaviour and responsibilities associated with a family member, such as the role of 'mother' or 'breadwinner'. These roles can change over time due to social, economic, or cultural shifts.

Question 8: Identify and explain one sociological argument for why family structures are becoming more diverse in the UK.

Answer: One argument is the influence of individualism, where personal choice and lifestyle preferences lead to the acceptance and formation of various family types beyond traditional arrangements.

Question 9: Describe one sociological perspective that views family change positively and explain why.

Answer: The functionalist perspective sees family change positively because it reflects societal adaptation, leading to greater individual fulfillment and social stability through diverse family arrangements.

Question 10: Draw a diagram illustrating the concept of 'family life cycle' and include at least three stages. Label each stage.

Answer: A correct diagram would show a sequence starting with 'Childhood', followed by 'Young Adult/Marriage', and then 'Parenthood', with arrows indicating progression between stages.