Question 1: Define what is meant by 'sampling' in sociological research.

Answer: Sampling is the process of selecting a subset of individuals or groups from a larger population to represent the whole in a study.

Question 2: Explain the main difference between random sampling and stratified sampling.

Answer: Random sampling involves selecting participants entirely by chance, giving everyone an equal chance, while stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups (strata) and then randomly sampling from each subgroup.

Question 3: Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of using a quota sample.

Answer: Advantage: It ensures specific groups are represented. Disadvantage: It can introduce researcher bias because the researcher chooses participants based on quotas.

Question 4: Describe a situation where opportunity sampling might be used in sociological research.

Answer: Opportunity sampling can be used when a researcher interviews students in their school corridor because they are readily available.

Question 5: List two potential problems with using volunteer sampling.

Answer: Problems include that volunteers may not represent the whole population because they might have specific characteristics or motivations, leading to bias.

Question 6: Explain why random sampling is often considered the most representative sampling method.

Answer: Because every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected, reducing bias and increasing the likelihood that the sample reflects the entire population.

Question 7: Suppose you are asked to draw a diagram that shows how stratified sampling works. Sketch a diagram illustrating a population divided into subgroups, with samples taken from each subgroup.

Answer: A diagram should show a large rectangle labeled 'Population,' divided into smaller sections labeled 'Subgroups' (e.g., age groups, social classes). Arrows should point from each subgroup to smaller circles or boxes indicating samples taken from each.

Question 8: What is one key reason sociologists might choose non-random sampling techniques over random sampling?

Answer: They might choose non-random techniques when it is difficult or impractical to access the entire population, or to target specific groups relevant to the study.

Question 9: Imagine you are conducting a survey on teenagers' opinions about school. Which sampling method would be most suitable if you want a quick and easy sample, and why?

Answer: Opportunity sampling would be suitable because you could quickly select students from a school corridor or classroom, though it might not be entirely representative.

Question 10: Sketch a simple diagram to compare random sampling and stratified sampling. Label the key differences.

Answer: The diagram should show two large boxes labeled 'Sample Selection.' One should illustrate random sampling with arrows pointing randomly to individuals. The other should show the population divided into strata, with arrows from each stratum to the sample, indicating structured sampling.