Question 1: Define the term 'ethics' in the context of sociological research.

Answer: Ethics in sociological research refers to the moral principles and guidelines that ensure the well-being, rights, and dignity of participants are protected during the research process.

Question 2: Identify two ethical issues that might arise when conducting research with young people.

Answer: Potential ethical issues include obtaining informed consent from minors and ensuring the confidentiality of their personal information.

Question 3: Explain why informed consent is important in sociological research.

Answer: Informed consent is important because it ensures participants are fully aware of the nature of the research and agree to participate voluntarily, respecting their autonomy.

Question 4: Describe a scenario where a sociologist might face an ethical dilemma during a study.

Answer: A sociologist studying a vulnerable group might discover illegal activities. The dilemma is whether to report this information, which could breach confidentiality, or to protect the participants' privacy.

Question 5: List three ways researchers can protect participants' confidentiality.

Answer: Researchers can anonymise data, store information securely, and avoid sharing identifying details in reports.

Question 6: Discuss the importance of avoiding harm to participants during sociological research.

Answer: Avoiding harm is crucial to protect participants' physical and mental well-being, prevent distress, and maintain ethical standards of respect and care.

Question 7: What should a researcher do if a participant reveals information that suggests they are in danger?

Answer: The researcher should follow ethical guidelines, which may include reporting the information to appropriate authorities to ensure the participant's safety, while balancing confidentiality.

Question 8: Draw a simple diagram illustrating the process of obtaining informed consent from participants.

Answer: A correct diagram would show a flowchart with steps such as: explaining the study to participants, answering their questions, obtaining their voluntary agreement (signing a consent form), and documenting this process.

Question 9: Explain why researchers must be honest and transparent about their aims when conducting sociological studies.

Answer: Honesty and transparency build trust with participants, ensure informed consent, and uphold the integrity of the research.

Question 10: Sketch a brief outline of what a researcher should include in an ethical consent form.

Answer: A correct sketch would include sections for explaining the purpose of the research, what participation involves, confidentiality assurances, participants’ rights to withdraw, and a space for signature.