Question 1: Define the term 'ethics' in the context of sociological research.

Answer: Ethics in sociological research refers to the moral principles and standards that guide researchers to conduct studies responsibly, ensuring the safety, rights, and well-being of participants.

Question 2: Identify two reasons why obtaining informed consent from participants is important in sociological studies.

Answer: Obtaining informed consent respects participants' autonomy and ensures they are aware of their involvement, risks, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time.

Question 3: Describe an ethical issue that might arise if a researcher breaches participant confidentiality.

Answer: Breaching confidentiality could lead to harm or embarrassment for participants, damage their reputation, or cause emotional distress if sensitive information is disclosed without permission.

Question 4: Explain why it is important for sociologists to avoid causing psychological harm to participants during their research.

Answer: Avoiding psychological harm is important to protect participants' mental health, maintain ethical standards, and ensure research does not cause lasting emotional damage.

Question 5: List two ways researchers can ensure their research is ethically sound.

Answer: Researchers can ensure ethical standards by obtaining informed consent and maintaining confidentiality of participants' data.

Question 6: Describe a situation where deception might be used in sociological research. What ethical considerations should be taken into account?

Answer: Deception might be used when researchers withhold some details to prevent bias. Ethical considerations include weighing the benefits against potential harm and ensuring debriefing occurs afterward to explain the true nature of the study.

Question 7: Sketch a simple diagram illustrating the process of gaining ethical approval for a sociological study. Label each step briefly.

Answer: The diagram should include steps such as: 1. Planning research, 2. Submitting proposal to ethics committee, 3. Review and approval, 4. Conducting research, 5. Debriefing participants. The sketch should visually connect these steps in sequence.

Question 8: Explain the importance of debriefing participants after their involvement in a sociological study.

Answer: Debriefing provides participants with full information about the study’s purpose, addresses any misconceptions, and offers support if they experienced distress, thereby ensuring ethical treatment.

Question 9: Imagine you are conducting a survey on teenagers' attitudes towards social media. What ethical considerations should you keep in mind when designing your questionnaire?

Answer: Considerations include ensuring informed consent (possibly from parents), avoiding sensitive or invasive questions, maintaining confidentiality, and making it clear that participation is voluntary.

Question 10: Sketch a brief plan for ensuring ethical compliance during a sociological fieldwork study. Include at least three key points.

Answer: The sketch should include points such as: obtaining ethical approval before starting, gaining informed consent from participants, and ensuring confidentiality of collected data.