Question 1: Define the term 'demography' and explain its relevance to the study of families.

Answer: Demography is the statistical study of populations, including data on birth rates, death rates, and family structures. It helps sociologists understand how population changes affect family life and society.

Question 2: Describe two factors that can lead to changes in family size within a population.

Answer: Factors include changes in birth rates due to access to contraception or cultural shifts, and economic factors such as family income affecting decisions to have children.

Question 3: Explain how an increase in life expectancy might impact family structures.

Answer: An increase in life expectancy can lead to more multi-generational families, as older relatives live longer, potentially affecting caregiving arrangements and family dynamics.

Question 4: Identify and briefly describe two methods sociologists use to collect demographic data about families.

Answer: Methods include censuses, which gather comprehensive population data, and surveys, which collect specific information on family characteristics and living arrangements.

Question 5: Imagine a country experiencing a rapid decline in birth rates. Describe two possible social consequences of this trend.

Answer: Possible consequences include an aging population leading to increased healthcare needs and a shrinking workforce, which may impact economic growth.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram illustrating the typical age structure of a population with a high birth rate and a high death rate. Label the axes and key features.

Answer: A population pyramid with a broad base indicating many young people, a narrowing middle, and a tapering top. The axes should be labeled 'Age' (vertical) and 'Number of People' (horizontal).

Question 7: Sketch a diagram showing the difference between a 'replacement-level fertility' population and a 'high-growth' population.

Answer: Two population pyramids: one with a balanced base and top (replacement level), and another with a very broad base tapering sharply towards the top (high growth). Label each accordingly.

Question 8: Describe what a demographic transition model is and why it is useful for understanding family changes over time.

Answer: The demographic transition model illustrates how populations change in response to economic and social development, showing shifts from high birth and death rates to low rates, which affect family size and structure.

Question 9: Explain two reasons why family structures might differ between urban and rural areas.

Answer: Urban areas often have smaller, nuclear families due to higher living costs and employment mobility, while rural areas may have larger, extended families due to agricultural lifestyles and traditional practices.