Question 1: Define the term 'role of education' in the context of sociology.

Answer: The role of education in sociology refers to the functions and purposes that education serves in society, such as socialising individuals, transmitting culture, and providing skills for employment.

Question 2: Describe two functions of education according to functionalist perspectives.

Answer: Firstly, education acts as a socialising agent, teaching norms and values to prepare individuals for societal participation. Secondly, it promotes social integration by creating a shared sense of identity and cohesion among diverse groups.

Question 3: Explain how education can contribute to social inequality.

Answer: Education can reinforce social inequality through mechanisms such as unequal access to quality schooling, differences in resources based on socio-economic background, and the perpetuation of class distinctions via exam systems and curriculum content.

Question 4: Identify and briefly describe one conflict perspective on the role of education.

Answer: Conflict theorists argue that education maintains social inequality by serving the interests of the ruling class, for example, through the reproduction of class distinctions and legitimising existing power structures.

Question 5: Discuss the concept of 'hidden curriculum' and its impact on students.

Answer: The hidden curriculum refers to the unwritten, unofficial lessons taught in schools, such as discipline, conformity, and obedience. It can reinforce societal norms and social hierarchies, influencing students' attitudes and behaviour outside formal lessons.

Question 6: Sketch a diagram that illustrates the process of socialisation in schools. Label the key components.

Answer: The diagram should show a school environment with arrows pointing from 'School' to 'Students', indicating the transmission of norms, values, and skills. Labels should include 'Formal Curriculum', 'Teachers', 'Peers', and 'Hidden Curriculum'.

Question 7: Explain how the concept of 'streaming' or 'setting' affects students' educational experiences.

Answer: Streaming or setting groups students based on ability, which can impact their self-esteem and motivation. It can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies where higher-ability groups receive more challenging work, potentially widening educational inequalities.

Question 8: Identify one way that government policies can influence the role of education in society.

Answer: Government policies, such as funding allocations or curriculum reforms, can shape the priorities and quality of education, thereby affecting social mobility and equality of opportunity.

Question 9: Draw a flowchart showing how education impacts an individual's future employment prospects.

Answer: The flowchart should start with 'Educational Achievement' leading to 'Qualifications', which then lead to 'Job Opportunities' and 'Career Progression'. Include arrows demonstrating this progression.

Question 10: Reflect on how education might serve different functions for individuals from various social backgrounds.

Answer: For some individuals, education provides opportunities for social mobility and personal development, while for others, it may serve as a means to reproduce existing social inequalities or maintain their social status.