Question 1: Define the term 'childhood' and explain how it might differ across different cultures.

Answer: Childhood is the period of life when a person is a child, typically characterized by dependence on adults and development. It can differ across cultures in terms of age boundaries, responsibilities, and societal expectations, with some cultures viewing childhood as a protected stage and others involving children in work or family duties at a young age.

Question 2: Describe two ways in which family life can influence a child's development.

Answer: Family life influences a child's development through emotional support and socialization. Emotional support helps build self-esteem, while socialization within the family teaches children norms, values, and behaviors expected in society.

Question 3: What is a nuclear family? Give two advantages of this family structure.

Answer: A nuclear family consists of two parents and their children living together. Advantages include easier communication within the family and a clear division of roles, which can provide stability for children.

Question 4: Explain the concept of 'socialization' within the family context.

Answer: Socialization in the family context refers to the process through which children learn the norms, values, behaviors, and roles expected by society, primarily through interactions with family members.

Question 5: Describe one way that childhood experiences might differ between children in urban and rural areas.

Answer: Children in urban areas may have more access to schools, entertainment, and technology, while rural children might spend more time helping with farm work or household chores and may have less access to certain services.

Question 6: Discuss how media influences children’s understanding of family roles.

Answer: Media influences children's understanding of family roles by portraying certain behaviors and expectations for men and women, shaping their ideas about gender roles, family responsibilities, and relationships.

Question 7: Sketch a simple family tree diagram showing three generations (grandparents, parents, children). Include labels for each generation.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a top row labeled 'Grandparents,' connected downwards to a middle row labeled 'Parents,' which is connected downwards to a bottom row labeled 'Children.' The diagram should clearly indicate relationships between generations.

Question 8: List two reasons why some children might experience disadvantages in family life.

Answer: Some children might experience disadvantages due to family breakdowns or divorce, which can lead to emotional distress. Others might face economic hardship if their family struggles financially.

Question 9: Explain what is meant by 'child agency' within the family.

Answer: Child agency refers to the capacity of children to make choices and influence family decisions, rather than being passive recipients of adult authority.

Question 10: Describe two ways in which childhood has changed in modern society compared to the past.

Answer: Childhood today is often longer and more protected, with children spending more time in education and less in work. Also, children now have greater access to technology and digital media, which influences their experiences and social interactions.