Question 1: What is the main idea behind Marxism's view of society?

Answer: Marxism sees society as divided into two main classes: the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (workers). It argues that the ruling class exploits the working class to maintain its power and wealth.

Question 2: Explain what is meant by 'class struggle' in Marxist theory.

Answer: Class struggle refers to the ongoing conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, as the working class seeks to improve their conditions while the ruling class aims to maintain control and wealth.

Question 3: Identify two ways in which Marxists believe capitalism affects workers.

Answer: Marxists believe capitalism leads to exploitation of workers, as they are paid less than the value of what they produce, and alienation, where workers feel disconnected from their work and its products.

Question 4: Describe what is meant by 'false consciousness' in Marxist theory.

Answer: 'False consciousness' is when the working class is unaware of their exploitation and believes that the existing social order is fair, preventing them from challenging the ruling class.

Question 5: Sketch a simple diagram showing the relationship between the bourgeoisie, proletariat, and the means of production. Label each part clearly.

Answer: The diagram should depict a triangle or circle with three labels: 'Bourgeoisie' (at the top), 'Proletariat' (at the bottom), and 'Means of Production' (center or side), illustrating that the bourgeoisie owns the means of production and the proletariat sells their labor.

Question 6: List one criticism of Marxist theory.

Answer: A criticism is that Marxism underestimates the complexity of society and ignores non-economic factors such as culture and individual choice.

Question 7: Explain how Marxists believe social change occurs.

Answer: Marxists believe social change happens through revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system by the working class, leading to a classless society.

Question 8: Name one modern example that Marxists might cite as evidence of class struggle today.

Answer: Marxists might cite the increasing income inequality and protests against economic inequality as evidence of ongoing class struggle.

Question 9: Discuss how Marxism views the role of education in society.

Answer: Marxism sees education as a tool used by the ruling class to reproduce social inequalities and to prepare the working class to accept their subordinate position.

Question 10: Draw a diagram illustrating how capitalism might lead to inequality, starting from the owners of the means of production to the workers. Include labels and brief descriptions.

Answer: The sketch should show owners of the means of production at the top, with arrows pointing downwards to workers, indicating the flow of wealth and exploitation. Labels should include 'Owners of Capital,' 'Workers,' and 'Wage Exploitation.'