Question 1: Explain in your own words what Marxism believes about the relationship between the working class and the owning class in society.

Answer: Marxism believes that society is divided into two main classes: the bourgeoisie (owners of production) and the proletariat (workers). It argues that the bourgeoisie exploits the proletariat for profit, leading to inequality and social conflict.

Question 2: Describe what is meant by the term 'bourgeoisie' in Marxist theory.

Answer: The bourgeoisie are the owners of the means of production, such as factories and businesses, who control wealth and resources in society.

Question 3: Explain the concept of 'class struggle' as discussed by Karl Marx.

Answer: Class struggle refers to the ongoing conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat over resources, power, and economic advantages, which Marx believed would eventually lead to social change.

Question 4: Identify two ways in which Marxists believe capitalism creates inequality in society.

Answer: Marxists believe capitalism creates inequality by concentrating wealth in the hands of the bourgeoisie and by exploiting workers through low wages and poor working conditions.

Question 5: Discuss how Marxists view the role of the state in supporting capitalism.

Answer: Marxists see the state as a tool used by the ruling class to maintain their power and protect their economic interests, often by suppressing the working class and preventing social change.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram that illustrates the class structure in a capitalist society as described by Marxism. Label the different classes and indicate the flow of power or resources.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a hierarchical triangle or pyramid with the bourgeoisie at the top, the proletariat below, and arrows indicating the flow of wealth from workers to owners and control of resources by the bourgeoisie.

Question 7: Sketch a basic diagram of the 'Base and Superstructure' theory in Marxism. Include labels for both parts and describe their relationship.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict a large block labeled 'Base' (representing the economic foundation) at the bottom, with a smaller block labeled 'Superstructure' (institutions like law, education, culture) above it, with an arrow indicating the base influences the superstructure.

Question 8: In your opinion, what is one criticism of Marxist theory regarding its view of society? Write a brief explanation.

Answer: One criticism is that Marxist theory oversimplifies society by focusing mainly on class conflict and ignoring other factors like race, gender, and individual differences.

Question 9: Describe how a Marxist might suggest society should change to reduce inequality.

Answer: A Marxist would suggest that society should move towards a classless society where the means of production are owned collectively, eliminating exploitation and inequality.