Question 1: Define the term 'welfare state' and explain its main purpose in UK society.

Answer: A welfare state is a government system that provides social services and financial support to citizens to promote social equality and reduce poverty. Its main purpose is to ensure a basic standard of living for all members of society.

Question 2: Identify and describe two benefits that the UK welfare state provides to low-income families.

Answer: Two benefits are: (1) Universal Credit, which provides financial support to those out of work or on low income, and (2) free education, which offers children from low-income families the opportunity to access quality schooling.

Question 3: Discuss how the welfare state can contribute to reducing social inequality in the UK.

Answer: The welfare state reduces social inequality by redistributing resources through benefits and services, ensuring that disadvantaged groups receive support. This helps to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, providing equal access to essential services like healthcare and education.

Question 4: Explain two criticisms of the UK welfare state from a sociological perspective.

Answer: One criticism is that it may create dependency, discouraging recipients from seeking employment. Another is that it can be costly for taxpayers, potentially leading to higher taxes and economic strain.

Question 5: Describe how the concept of social stratification is related to the existence of the welfare state.

Answer: Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of society based on social class, income, and status. The welfare state aims to mitigate some inequalities caused by stratification by providing support to those in lower social classes.

Question 6: Imagine you are designing a new social benefit for the UK welfare state. Sketch a simple diagram showing the flow of resources from the government to citizens, including at least three stages.

Answer: A correct sketch would show: (1) Government collects taxes, (2) funds are allocated to various welfare programs, (3) benefits are distributed to citizens through services or direct payments.

Question 7: Reflect on how the welfare state might influence social mobility in the UK. Provide two points to support your answer.

Answer: Firstly, access to free education and healthcare can improve individuals' opportunities to succeed regardless of their background. Secondly, financial support through benefits can help disadvantaged individuals invest in skills or training, enabling upward social mobility.

Question 8: Sketch a diagram illustrating the different social classes in the UK and indicate which groups are most likely to rely on welfare benefits.

Answer: The diagram should depict at least three layers: upper class, middle class, and lower class. The lower class should be highlighted or marked to indicate a higher reliance on welfare benefits, with arrows pointing from the welfare system to this group.

Question 9: Evaluate the impact of welfare state policies on family life and community cohesion in the UK.

Answer: Welfare policies can provide families with financial stability, reducing stress and improving well-being. They can also foster community cohesion by promoting social support networks. However, some argue that over-reliance on welfare may reduce individuals' motivation to work and contribute to social divisions.