Question 1: Define the term 'crime' as understood in sociology.

Answer: Crime is any act that violates the laws set by society, which is considered harmful or unacceptable according to social norms.

Question 2: Describe how the Functionalist perspective explains the role of crime in society.

Answer: Functionalists see crime as a normal part of society that can promote social cohesion and change by highlighting social issues and encouraging collective responses.

Question 3: Explain the main idea behind Merton’s Strain Theory in relation to criminal behaviour.

Answer: Merton’s Strain Theory suggests that crime occurs when individuals are unable to achieve societal goals through legitimate means, leading them to resort to criminal activities as an alternative.

Question 4: Identify and briefly describe two types of social controls that can influence criminal behavior.

Answer: Internal controls are personal morals and conscience that prevent individuals from offending, while external controls include laws, police, and community supervision that deter criminal acts.

Question 5: Discuss how the Marxist perspective views the relationship between capitalism and crime.

Answer: Marxists argue that capitalism creates social inequality and exploitation, which leads to crime as a response to poverty and lack of opportunities among the working class.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram illustrating the concept of the 'Labeling Theory'. Label the key parts of your diagram.

Answer: The diagram should show a person being labeled as a 'criminal' by society, which then influences their self-identity and possibly leads to further deviant behavior.

Question 7: Describe the difference between 'white-collar crime' and 'street crime'.

Answer: 'White-collar crime' refers to non-violent crimes committed in professional settings, such as fraud or embezzlement, while 'street crime' involves crimes like theft or assault that occur in public places.

Question 8: Draw a flowchart showing the process of how societal reaction can lead to deviance, according to Becker’s Labelling Theory.

Answer: The flowchart should depict: 1. An act occurs, 2. Society labels the act as deviant, 3. The individual internalizes this label, 4. The person continues or escalates deviant behavior.

Question 9: Explain how the concept of 'moral panic' can influence public perceptions of crime.

Answer: Moral panic occurs when media and society exaggerate or sensationalize a crime, leading to increased fear and possibly unjustified social reactions or policies.

Question 10: Identify one sociological theory not covered in this worksheet that offers an explanation for criminal behavior and briefly describe it.

Answer: The Differential Association Theory suggests that individuals learn criminal behavior through their interactions and associations with others who approve of or engage in crime.