Question 1: Define deforestation and explain its primary causes.

Answer: Deforestation is the removal of large areas of forest, primarily caused by logging, agriculture, and urbanisation.

Question 2: Describe two ecological impacts of deforestation on biodiversity.

Answer: Loss of habitat leading to species extinction; reduced genetic diversity and disruption of ecosystems.

Question 3: Explain how deforestation contributes to climate change.

Answer: Deforestation reduces carbon sequestration, increasing atmospheric CO2 levels, which enhances the greenhouse effect.

Question 1: Calculate the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released if 50 hectares of forest are cleared, releasing 200 tonnes of carbon per hectare. Use the conversion 1 tonne of carbon equals 3.67 tonnes of CO2.

Answer: Total CO2 released = 50 hectares × 200 tonnes/hectare × 3.67 = 36,700 tonnes

Question 2: If a logging company cuts down 1500 trees in a month, and each tree absorbs 22 kg of CO2 annually, what is the total annual CO2 absorption lost due to logging? Express your answer in tonnes.

Answer: Total CO2 absorption lost = 1500 trees × 22 kg × 1 year ÷ 1000 = 33 tonnes

Question 1: Design a simple experimental setup to compare biodiversity levels in a deforested area versus a forested area. Identify the variables involved and mention at least one safety precaution.

Answer: The experiment involves selecting two similar areas, one deforested and one forested. Variables include biodiversity (dependent), land type (independent), and weather conditions (controlled). Use sampling methods like quadrats to count species. Safety precautions include wearing protective clothing, gloves, and avoiding dangerous wildlife.

Question 2: Identify two ethical considerations when conducting field studies on deforestation impacts.

Answer: Ensuring minimal disturbance to wildlife and habitats; obtaining necessary permissions from landowners or authorities.

Question 1: A study reports that in a deforested area, the number of bird species observed dropped from 25 to 10 over 5 years. Explain what this suggests about biodiversity in that area.

Answer: The reduction indicates a loss of biodiversity, suggesting that deforestation has negatively impacted bird species diversity.

Question 2: A protected forest area shows a stable population of 50 tree species over ten years, despite nearby deforestation activities. What does this imply about conservation efforts?

Answer: It implies that conservation measures are effective in maintaining biodiversity and protecting species from the impacts of nearby deforestation.

Question 1: Explain how satellite technology can be used to monitor deforestation in real time.

Answer: Satellite technology can detect changes in land cover by analysing images over time, allowing for real-time monitoring of deforestation activities and aiding in enforcement and conservation efforts.

Question 2: Discuss one way that governments or industries can reduce the impact of deforestation using modern technology or policies.

Answer: Governments can implement policies promoting sustainable logging and reforestation programmes, supported by technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) to plan land use effectively and enforce regulations, thereby reducing deforestation's ecological footprint.