Question 1: Define deforestation and describe two main causes of this process.

Answer: Deforestation is the removal of large areas of forest, often due to human activities such as logging, agriculture, and urbanisation.

Question 2: Explain how deforestation can lead to a loss of biodiversity in tropical rainforests.

Answer: Deforestation destroys habitats, leading to the extinction of many species that rely on forest ecosystems, reducing biodiversity.

Question 3: What is an ecosystem service, and how does deforestation impact services such as carbon sequestration?

Answer: An ecosystem service is a benefit humans obtain from ecosystems. Deforestation reduces carbon sequestration, increasing atmospheric CO2 levels and climate change.

Question 4: Calculate the percentage decrease in forest area if a region's forest cover reduces from 5000 km² to 3500 km².

Answer: Percentage decrease = [(5000 - 3500) / 5000] * 100 = 30%

Question 5: Identify two practical methods used to measure the rate of deforestation in a rainforest.

Answer: Satellite imaging and ground surveys are commonly used to monitor changes in forest cover over time.

Question 6: Describe one safety precaution that should be considered when conducting field surveys for deforestation.

Answer: Wearing protective clothing and equipment to prevent injuries from sharp tools, insects, or plants.

Question 7: A study reports that an area of forest has lost 120 km² of cover over 5 years. Calculate the average annual rate of deforestation in km² per year.

Answer: Rate = 120 km² / 5 years = 24 km² per year

Question 8: Interpret the following scenario: If deforestation continues at this rate, how many km² of forest will be lost in 10 years?

Answer: In 10 years, total loss = 24 km²/year * 10 years = 240 km².

Question 9: Discuss one technological innovation that could help reduce deforestation and explain how it works.

Answer: Drones equipped with imaging technology can monitor forest areas in real-time, helping authorities detect illegal logging activities early and respond promptly.

Question 10: Evaluate the potential ecological consequences if deforestation in a tropical rainforest reaches 50% of its original area.

Answer: A 50% reduction would drastically diminish biodiversity, disrupt climate regulation, and impair ecosystem services such as water cycle regulation and carbon storage, potentially leading to ecosystem collapse.