Question 1: Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities releasing greenhouse gases. Explain in your own words how greenhouse gases contribute to global warming.

Answer: Greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation, which causes the Earth's temperature to rise over time.

Question 1: Define the greenhouse effect and name two major greenhouse gases.

Answer: The greenhouse effect is the process where greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, warming the planet. Major gases include carbon dioxide and methane.

Question 2: List two ways in which human activities increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Answer: Burning fossil fuels and deforestation increase greenhouse gases.

Question 1: Over the past 50 years, global average temperatures have increased by 0.8°C. Describe two potential effects this temperature rise could have on biodiversity.

Answer: It can lead to habitat loss for certain species and cause shifts in migration patterns, potentially leading to reduced biodiversity.

Question 2: A study shows that coral reefs have experienced bleaching events more frequently over the last decade. Explain how rising ocean temperatures contribute to coral bleaching.

Answer: Higher ocean temperatures stress corals, causing them to expel the symbiotic algae that provide them with nutrients, leading to bleaching.

Question 1: If a car emits 4.6 metric tons of CO2 annually, how much CO2 is emitted over 5 years? Show your calculation with units.

Answer: Total emissions = 4.6 tons/year × 5 years = 23 tons of CO2.

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate the greenhouse effect using household materials, including the variables involved.

Answer: A possible experiment involves placing two identical glass jars, one with a lid and one without, with thermometers inside. Expose both to sunlight and record temperature changes over time. Variables include type of jar (controlled variable), sunlight exposure (independent variable), and temperature (dependent variable).

Question 2: List two safety precautions to consider when conducting experiments related to heat and gases.

Answer: Use heat-resistant gloves and conduct experiments in a well-ventilated area.

Question 1: Describe one way that renewable energy technologies, such as solar or wind power, help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Answer: Renewable energy technologies generate electricity without burning fossil fuels, thus reducing CO2 emissions.

Question 2: Explain how advancements in technology can help mitigate the effects of global warming on biodiversity.

Answer: Advancements such as carbon capture and storage, habitat restoration technologies, and climate monitoring systems can reduce greenhouse gases and help protect endangered species and ecosystems from climate change impacts.