Question 1: Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities releasing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Explain how increased levels of these gases contribute to global warming.

Answer: Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation emitted by Earth's surface, preventing it from escaping into space, thus warming the atmosphere.

Question 1: Define 'greenhouse effect' in your own words.

Answer: The greenhouse effect is the process by which greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the Sun, warming the Earth.

Question 2: List three major greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.

Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O).

Question 1: If the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere increases from 400 ppm to 420 ppm over a year, what is the percentage increase? Show your calculation.

Answer: Percentage increase = [(420 - 400) / 400] x 100 = 5%

Question 2: A factory emits 1500 kg of CO2 daily. How much CO2 does it emit in a year (365 days)? Show your work with units.

Answer: Total annual CO2 emissions = 1500 kg/day x 365 days = 547,500 kg

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate the greenhouse effect using household items. Include the variables you would control and the safety precautions to take.

Answer: Place two identical small containers, one with a lid and one open, both with thermometers inside. Cover one with plastic wrap to simulate greenhouse gases. Control variables include sunlight exposure and initial temperature. Safety precautions include avoiding direct contact with hot items and handling plastic carefully.

Question 1: In a study, regions with higher average temperatures have shown a 15% decline in local biodiversity over 20 years. Explain how global warming could lead to this decline.

Answer: Higher temperatures can alter habitats, reduce food sources, and increase stress on species, leading to decreased survival and biodiversity loss.

Question 1: Describe how renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power can help reduce the impact of global warming.

Answer: Renewable energy sources produce electricity without emitting greenhouse gases, thus reducing carbon dioxide emissions and mitigating global warming.

Question 2: Identify one technological advancement aimed at reducing greenhouse gases and briefly explain how it works.

Answer: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology captures CO2 emissions from sources like power plants and stores them underground to prevent release into the atmosphere.