Question 1: Define land use and explain the three main types of land use that affect biodiversity.

Answer: Land use refers to how humans utilize land for various purposes. The main types are agricultural land use, urban development, and forestry, each impacting biodiversity differently.

Question 2: Describe two mechanisms by which urban land use can reduce biodiversity.

Answer: Urban land use reduces biodiversity through habitat destruction and pollution, which threaten native species and disrupt ecosystems.

Question 1: A forest area of 150 square kilometers has been cleared for agriculture, which resulted in a 40% decrease in local biodiversity index. If the original biodiversity index was 80, what is the current biodiversity index after land clearing? Show your calculation.

Answer: Original biodiversity index = 80; decrease = 40% of 80 = 0.40 * 80 = 32; Current biodiversity index = 80 - 32 = 48.

Question 1: Design a simple experiment to test how different land uses affect soil quality. Include the variables you would control and measure, and safety precautions you would take.

Answer: The experiment involves selecting plots of land with different uses (e.g., agricultural, urban, forest). Variables include land use type (independent), soil nutrients and moisture (dependent). Control variables are soil type and initial conditions. Safety precautions include wearing gloves when handling soil samples and avoiding contact with potentially contaminated soil.

Question 1: A study reports that areas converted from natural forests to urban land experienced a 25% decline in bird species diversity over 10 years. If the initial diversity index was 60, what is the diversity index after 10 years? Explain what this change indicates about land use impact.

Answer: New diversity index = 60 - (25% of 60) = 60 - 15 = 45. This decline indicates that urbanization significantly reduces bird biodiversity, likely due to habitat loss.

Question 1: Explain how land use change from forest to agriculture impacts local biodiversity and ecosystem services. Include at least three effects in your answer.

Answer: Changing land from forest to agriculture reduces habitat for native species, leading to loss of biodiversity. It can also cause soil erosion and water pollution from runoff, harming aquatic life. Additionally, it disrupts ecosystem services like water filtration, carbon storage, and climate regulation.

Question 2: Multiple Choice: Which of the following land use types generally has the least impact on biodiversity? A) Urban development B) Agriculture C) Forest conservation D) Industrial zones

Answer: C

Question 1: Discuss how urban planning can incorporate biodiversity conservation to minimize land use impact. Provide two strategies that could be implemented.

Answer: Urban planning can include creating green spaces and wildlife corridors to preserve habitats and facilitate species movement, thereby reducing biodiversity loss due to urban expansion.