Question 1: Define mitosis and explain its role in cellular division.

Answer: Mitosis is a type of cell division where a parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells, essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

Question 2: List the main stages of mitosis in the correct order.

Answer: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

Question 3: In an automotive factory, why is mitosis important for manufacturing car components?

Answer: Mitosis allows for the rapid and accurate production of identical cells needed to produce uniform and high-quality car parts, such as engine components and body panels.

Question 4: During mitosis, which phase ensures that chromosomes are equally divided between two daughter cells?

Answer: Anaphase.

Question 5: Calculate the time taken for a cell to complete mitosis if the total cell cycle duration is 24 hours and mitosis lasts for 1 hour. Show your calculation.

Answer: Mitosis duration = 1 hour; Total cycle = 24 hours; Mitosis represents 1/24 of the cycle.

Question 6: If an automotive manufacturing plant produces 10,000 car components per day, and each component requires 4 cells to be divided via mitosis, how many cell divisions are needed daily?

Answer: Total divisions = 10,000 components * 4 divisions = 40,000 divisions per day.

Question 7: Describe a practical experiment that could be used to observe mitosis in a laboratory setting, including the key variables and safety precautions.

Answer: A suitable experiment involves preparing a sample of onion root tips, staining the cells with a suitable dye (e.g., acetic orcein), and observing under a microscope. Variables include the type of stain, temperature, and timing of sample collection. Safety precautions include wearing gloves and eye protection, handling chemicals carefully, and disposing of biological waste properly.

Question 8: In an automotive assembly line, what could be the consequence of errors during the mitotic division of cells involved in paint layer formation?

Answer: Errors could lead to uneven paint layers, defects in the finish, or structural weaknesses, potentially affecting the safety and aesthetic quality of the vehicle.

Question 9: Identify the key differences between mitosis and meiosis in the context of cell production for automotive manufacturing.

Answer: Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells for growth and repair, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells used in reproduction; in manufacturing, mitosis is primarily utilised for producing identical components.

Question 10: Explain how the process of mitosis can be optimised in an industrial setting to increase production efficiency.

Answer: Optimisation can include controlling environmental conditions such as temperature and pH, using automated systems for cell cycle regulation, and ensuring the availability of nutrients and growth factors to maintain rapid and healthy cell division, thereby increasing overall production efficiency.

Question 11: Discuss the ethical considerations related to manipulating cell division processes, such as mitosis, in industrial applications.

Answer: Ethical considerations include ensuring that any genetic modifications or cellular manipulations do not pose health risks, are environmentally sustainable, and respect regulations on biotechnology. Transparency with stakeholders and adherence to safety standards are also essential to prevent misuse or unintended consequences.