Question 1: Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells. It is essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms.

Answer: Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

Question 1: List the four main stages of mitosis in the correct order.

Answer: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 2: Describe what happens during the metaphase stage of mitosis.

Answer: During metaphase, chromosomes line up at the cell's equator, and spindle fibers attach to their centromeres.

Question 3: Explain the significance of the spindle fibers during mitosis.

Answer: Spindle fibers help separate sister chromatids and ensure each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

Question 1: If a cell spends 2 hours in mitosis and the total cell cycle lasts 24 hours, what percentage of the cell cycle is spent in mitosis? Show your calculation.

Answer: Percentage = (Mitosis duration / Total cycle duration) x 100 = (2 / 24) x 100 = 8.33%

Question 1: Describe an experiment to observe mitosis in onion root tips, including the variables involved and safety precautions.

Answer: An experiment involves preparing onion root tip slides, staining with a dye like acetic orcein, and observing under a microscope to identify different mitosis stages. Independent variable: type of stain; dependent variable: number of cells in mitosis; safety precautions include handling chemicals carefully, wearing gloves and eye protection, and disposing of waste properly.

Question 1: In a sample of 500 cells, 50 are observed in different stages of mitosis. Calculate the mitotic index and explain what it indicates about the rate of cell division.

Answer: Mitotic index = (Number of cells in mitosis / Total number of cells) x 100 = (50 / 500) x 100 = 10%. A higher index suggests a higher rate of cell division.

Question 1: Explain how knowledge of mitosis is used in cancer treatment.

Answer: Understanding mitosis helps develop treatments that target rapidly dividing cancer cells, such as chemotherapy drugs that disrupt spindle fiber formation or chromosome separation.

Question 2: Describe how mitosis is important in wound healing and tissue repair.

Answer: Mitosis produces new cells that replace damaged or lost tissue, enabling wound healing and maintaining healthy tissue function.