Question 1: Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells identical to the original parent cell. It is essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms.

Answer: Mitosis is a process of cell division producing two genetically identical daughter cells, important for growth and repair.

Question 1: List all the stages of mitosis in the correct order.

Answer: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 2: Describe what happens during metaphase.

Answer: Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator, attached to spindle fibres.

Question 3: Explain the importance of spindle fibres in mitosis.

Answer: Spindle fibres help separate chromosomes during mitosis, ensuring each daughter cell receives an identical set.

Question 1: What is the role of chromatids during mitosis?

Answer: Chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome that separate during mitosis to ensure each daughter cell has a complete set.

Question 2: Calculate the total number of chromosomes in a cell after the completion of mitosis if the parent cell initially had 46 chromosomes.

Answer: 46

Question 1: Design a simple experiment to observe the stages of mitosis in onion root tip cells. Include variables, safety precautions, and expected outcomes.

Answer: Students should use prepared onion root tips, stain with a suitable dye such as aceto-orcein, and observe under a microscope. Variables include type of stain and observation time. Safety precautions involve handling chemicals safely and wearing protective equipment. Expected outcomes include observing different stages of mitosis at various points in the root tip.

Question 2: In a scenario, a researcher finds that 20% of cells in a tissue sample are in metaphase. What does this indicate about the rate of cell division in this tissue?

Answer: It suggests a moderate rate of cell division, with many cells preparing to divide or currently in metaphase.

Question 1: Explain how understanding mitosis can be useful in cancer treatment.

Answer: Understanding mitosis helps in developing drugs that can stop or slow down uncontrolled cell division in cancers.

Question 2: Describe how mitosis is utilised in industry, such as in biotechnology or medicine.

Answer: Mitosis is harnessed in tissue engineering, cloning, and the production of genetically identical cells for research and therapy, ensuring consistency and reproducibility in biotechnological applications.