Question 1: Define microscopy and explain its importance in cell biology.

Answer: Microscopy is the use of microscopes to observe objects that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. It is essential in cell biology for studying cell structures and functions.

Question 2: List three different types of microscopes used in biological studies and mention one key feature of each.

Answer: Light microscopes (use visible light, can observe live specimens), Electron microscopes (use electron beams, higher resolution), Fluorescence microscopes (use fluorescent dyes to highlight specific structures).

Question 3: What is the primary difference between magnification and resolution in microscopy?

Answer: Magnification is how much larger an image appears compared to the actual object, while resolution is the ability to distinguish two closely spaced objects as separate.

Question 4: Calculate the actual size of a cell if its image appears 5 cm long under a microscope with a magnification of 1000x, and the real cell size is 0.005 mm. Show your working.

Answer: Real size = Image size / Magnification = (5 cm) / 1000 = 0.005 cm Since 1 cm = 10 mm, 0.005 cm = 0.05 mm Alternatively, using the known real size of 0.005 mm, the image size is 5 cm at 1000x magnification.

Question 5: Describe the steps involved in preparing a biological specimen for viewing under a light microscope.

Answer: First, collect the specimen and fix it using a preservative to prevent decay. Then, embed it in a medium like paraffin if necessary. Next, slice thin sections using a microtome. Place the section on a glass slide, add a stain to highlight structures, cover with a coverslip, and then observe under the microscope.

Question 6: Explain how the use of stains enhances the viewing of cell structures in microscopy.

Answer: Stains add colour to different parts of the cell, making specific structures more visible and distinguishable under the microscope.

Question 7: Multiple Choice: Which type of microscope would be most suitable for observing the detailed surface features of a cell membrane? A) Light Microscope B) Electron Microscope C) Fluorescence Microscope D) Compound Microscope

Answer: B

Question 8: Fill in the blank: The resolving power of a microscope refers to its ability to distinguish two points as separate, and ngths that are closer together than the ngth cannot be resolved.

Answer: distances, limit

Question 9: Identify one safety precaution that must be followed when preparing specimens for electron microscopy.

Answer: Handle specimens with gloves and use proper ventilation because some chemicals used are toxic or hazardous.

Question 10: Describe a practical experiment to compare the magnification capabilities of a light microscope versus an electron microscope.

Answer: Prepare the same biological sample and observe it under both microscopes. Record the maximum magnification each can achieve while still providing a clear, detailed image. Discuss the differences in image quality, resolution, and the types of structures visible.

Question 11: In modern industry, how has microscopy technology contributed to advancements in medical diagnostics or materials science?

Answer: Microscopy allows detailed examination of tissues for medical diagnosis, such as identifying cancer cells, and aids in developing new materials by analysing their microscopic structures for strength and durability.