Question 1: Blood is composed of several components, including cells and plasma. Name the three main types of cells found in blood and briefly describe their primary functions.

Answer: Red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (fight infections), platelets (aid in clotting)

Question 2: What percentage of blood volume is made up of plasma, and what are its main components?

Answer: Approximately 55%, mainly water, proteins, nutrients, hormones, and waste products

Question 3: Define hemoglobin and explain its role in blood.

Answer: Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen and carries it from the lungs to body tissues.

Question 4: Multiple Choice: Which component of blood is primarily responsible for immunity?

Answer: White blood cells

Question 5: Fill in the blank: Platelets are cell fragments that help in the process of ________ to prevent excessive bleeding.

Answer: clotting

Question 6: Calculate the volume of blood (in liters) if a person has a blood volume of 5 liters. How much of this is plasma?

Answer: Plasma volume = 55% of 5 liters = 2.75 liters

Question 7: Describe an experiment to determine the percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample. Include safety precautions.

Answer: Collect a small blood sample using sterile equipment, dilute it with a saline solution, and examine a drop under a microscope. Count the number of red blood cells in multiple fields of view, then calculate the percentage relative to total cells. Always wear gloves, use sterile tools, and dispose of samples properly to ensure safety.

Question 8: Interpret the following scenario: A person with anemia has a lower than normal level of hemoglobin. How does this affect oxygen transport in the blood?

Answer: It reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen, leading to fatigue and weakness.

Question 9: Explain why maintaining the correct balance of blood components is vital for health.

Answer: An imbalance can lead to health issues such as anemia (low red blood cells), infections (low white blood cells), or bleeding disorders (low platelets). Proper balance ensures effective oxygen transport, immune defense, and clotting, maintaining overall health.

Question 10: In daily life, how does understanding blood composition help in medical treatments or health assessments?

Answer: It helps doctors diagnose blood disorders, determine blood compatibility for transfusions, and monitor health status.