Question 1: Define the Linnaean System of classification and list its main hierarchical levels.

Answer: The Linnaean System is a hierarchical method of classifying organisms developed by Carl Linnaeus, which organizes living things into categories such as kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Question 2: Explain the significance of binomial nomenclature in biological classification.

Answer: Binomial nomenclature gives each species a two-part Latin name consisting of the genus and species, ensuring a universal and precise identification of organisms.

Question 1: Describe how morphological features are used to classify organisms in the Linnaean System.

Answer: Morphological features such as body structure, shape, size, and specific physical traits are used to group organisms into hierarchical categories.

Question 2: What role does genetic information play in modern classification compared to traditional methods?

Answer: Genetic information provides more accurate insights into evolutionary relationships, allowing classifications based on DNA sequences, which complement or refine traditional morphology-based methods.

Question 1: If a genus contains 120 species and 4 genera are classified in a family, how many species are in that family assuming no overlap? Show your calculation.

Answer: Total species in family = number of genera × species per genus = 4 × 120 = 480 species.

Question 2: A scientist classifies 250 organisms into 5 different families. If one family has twice as many species as another, and the total number of species is 600, how many species are in each of these two families? Show your work.

Answer: Let the smaller family have x species. Then the larger has 2x. Rest of the 3 families sum to 600 - (x + 2x) = 600 - 3x. Since total is 600, and 5 families: x + 2x + sum of other 3 = 600. Assuming the other 3 have equal numbers, total: x + 2x + 3y = 600. Without more info, approximate: x + 2x = 3x; if 3x + 3y = 600, and total 5 families, then more data needed for precise numbers. (Note: For simplicity, assume x=100, then 2x=200, remaining 300 divided among 3 families, each with 100 species.)

Question 1: Design a simple experiment to classify a set of unknown plant species using morphological features. Mention key variables and safety precautions.

Answer: The experiment involves observing physical traits such as leaf shape, flower color, and stem structure. Independent variables include trait types; dependent variables are the classifications assigned. Control variables include environmental conditions. Safety precautions include wearing gloves when handling unknown plants to avoid allergies or toxins, and using tools safely.

Question 2: Discuss how the Linnaean System is used in the biotechnology industry, particularly in genetic engineering.

Answer: The Linnaean System provides standardized names and classifications that help scientists identify and communicate about organisms accurately, which is essential in genetic engineering for selecting target species, ensuring safety, and regulatory compliance.

Question 1: A classification study found that 150 species of insects belong to the family Formicidae, and 60 of these belong to the genus Formica. What percentage of the family does the genus Formica represent? Show your work.

Answer: Percentage = (Number of Formica species / Total species in family) × 100 = (60 / 150) × 100 = 40%

Question 2: In a recent classification, a new species was discovered that fits into the genus Pan. If the genus Pan now includes 25 species, and the total number of species in the family Hominidae is 7,500, what is the ratio of Pan species to total Hominidae species? Express your answer as a simplified ratio.

Answer: Ratio = 25 : 7500, simplified by dividing both by 25 = 1 : 300.