Question 1: Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It primarily affects mucous membranes and can lead to serious health issues if untreated. Understanding its transmission and prevalence helps in controlling its spread.

Answer: Gonorrhea is a bacterial STI that affects mucous membranes and can cause health problems if not treated.

Question 2: Explain how Gonorrhea is transmitted between individuals.

Answer: It is transmitted through unprotected sexual contact with an infected person.

Question 1: Describe the process by which Neisseria gonorrhoeae infects the mucous membranes.

Answer: The bacteria attach to mucous membrane cells, invade tissues, and multiply, causing inflammation and symptoms.

Question 2: List two common symptoms of Gonorrhea in males.

Answer: Painful urination and penile discharge.

Question 1: If a clinic reports 150 new cases of Gonorrhea in a year within a population of 50,000, calculate the incidence rate per 100,000 people.

Answer: Incidence rate = (Number of new cases / Population) x 100,000 = (150 / 50,000) x 100,000 = 300 per 100,000.

Question 2: A study shows 12% of infected individuals develop complications. Out of 150 new cases, how many are expected to develop complications?

Answer: Number of complications = 12% of 150 = 0.12 x 150 = 18 cases.

Question 1: Design a simple experiment to test the effectiveness of a new antibiotic against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. List the variables involved and safety precautions to consider.

Answer: The experiment involves culturing bacteria with and without the antibiotic, measuring bacterial growth. Variables include type of antibiotic (independent), bacterial growth (dependent), and temperature (controlled). Safety precautions include wearing protective gloves, working in a biosafety cabinet, sterilising equipment, and disposing of cultures properly.

Question 1: In a community of 20,000, a survey reports 120 cases of Gonorrhea over six months. The number of cases increased by 25% in the next six months. Calculate the new number of cases and discuss possible reasons for this increase.

Answer: Initial cases = 120; increase = 25% of 120 = 0.25 x 120 = 30; new total = 120 + 30 = 150 cases. Possible reasons include increased transmission, reduced condom use, or decreased access to healthcare.

Question 1: Explain how the development of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae affects treatment strategies.

Answer: Antibiotic resistance makes standard treatments ineffective, requiring new antibiotics or combination therapies, and highlights the need for prudent antibiotic use to prevent further resistance.

Question 2: Discuss the importance of safe sex practices in preventing the spread of Gonorrhea.

Answer: Safe sex practices, such as using condoms and regular testing, reduce transmission risk, prevent reinfection, and control the spread of Gonorrhea within the community.