Question 1: Salmonella is a type of bacteria that can cause food poisoning in humans. It is commonly found in contaminated food and water sources. Understanding how Salmonella spreads and causes illness is important for prevention.

Answer: Salmonella is a bacteria that causes food poisoning and spreads through contaminated food and water.

Question 1: Define Salmonella and describe its basic shape and structure.

Answer: Salmonella is a rod-shaped (bacillus) bacteria with a cell wall that allows it to survive in harsh conditions.

Question 2: List three common ways Salmonella is transmitted to humans.

Answer: Contaminated food (especially raw poultry and eggs), contaminated water, and poor hygiene.

Question 3: Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a typical source of Salmonella infection?

Answer: Cooked vegetables

Question 1: Describe the common symptoms experienced by a person infected with Salmonella.

Answer: Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting.

Question 2: Explain why Salmonella infection can be dangerous for young children and the elderly.

Answer: Because their immune systems are weaker, making them more susceptible to severe dehydration and complications.

Question 1: Fill in the blank: To reduce the risk of Salmonella, always cook poultry and eggs to an internal temperature of ____ degrees Fahrenheit.

Answer: 165

Question 2: List two safety practices to prevent Salmonella spread in the kitchen.

Answer: Washing hands thoroughly and avoiding cross-contamination by using separate cutting boards.

Question 1: Describe the process by which Salmonella bacteria cause illness after ingestion.

Answer: After ingestion, Salmonella bacteria survive stomach acid and reach the intestines, where they invade the lining cells, multiply, and cause inflammation. This results in symptoms like diarrhea and cramps. The bacteria can also produce toxins that further damage the intestinal lining.

Question 1: Design a simple experiment to test the effectiveness of a new hand sanitizer in killing Salmonella bacteria. Include the variables involved.

Answer: The experiment involves applying the sanitizer to surfaces contaminated with Salmonella, then sampling the surfaces to see if bacteria remain. The independent variable is the type or amount of sanitizer used; the dependent variable is the number of bacteria after treatment. Controlled variables include contact time, temperature, and initial bacterial load. Safety precautions include wearing gloves and sterilizing equipment.

Question 2: A study reports that after boiling contaminated water for 10 minutes, Salmonella bacteria are no longer detectable. Explain the scientific principle behind this observation.

Answer: Boiling water for 10 minutes kills Salmonella bacteria because the high temperature denatures their proteins and destroys their cell structures, leading to bacterial death.