Question 1: Body temperature is maintained within a narrow range through a process called homeostasis. The body detects changes in temperature and activates responses to restore normal temperature. This regulation involves the nervous system and various organs such as the skin and brain.

Answer: Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment, including body temperature, by activating responses to changes.

Question 1: Define 'thermoregulation' in your own words.

Answer: Thermoregulation is the process of maintaining an optimal body temperature through various physiological responses.

Question 2: Name two organs involved in body temperature regulation and describe their roles.

Answer: The skin helps regulate temperature through sweating and blood flow, while the hypothalamus in the brain detects temperature changes and initiates responses.

Question 1: A person’s core body temperature rises from 37.0°C to 38.5°C. Calculate the temperature increase. Show your working. Formula: Temperature Change = Final Temperature - Initial Temperature Units: Celsius (°C)

Answer: 1.5°C

Question 2: If the normal body temperature is 37°C, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit? (Use the formula: °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32). Show your working.

Answer: 98.6°F

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to test how the skin responds to changes in temperature. Include the variables involved and safety precautions.

Answer: An experiment could involve exposing skin to hot and cold water and observing sweating or shivering responses. The independent variable is water temperature; dependent variable is skin response. Safety precautions include avoiding burns or frostbite, ensuring water temperatures are safe, and wearing protective gloves if necessary.

Question 1: A person’s measured body temperature over an hour shows fluctuations: starting at 36.8°C, rising to 37.5°C when active, then dropping to 36.4°C after resting. Explain what these changes indicate about the body’s temperature regulation.

Answer: The fluctuations show the body responding to activity by increasing temperature and then restoring normal temperature during rest through mechanisms like sweating and vasodilation.

Question 1: Explain how the body responds to a drop in external temperature to maintain internal temperature. Include the roles of shivering and blood vessels.

Answer: When external temperature drops, the body responds by shivering to generate heat and constricting blood vessels near the skin to reduce heat loss. These responses help maintain a stable internal temperature.

Question 1: Describe how understanding thermoregulation is important in designing clothing for extreme environments.

Answer: Understanding thermoregulation helps in designing clothing that insulates the body in cold environments and allows heat dissipation in hot environments, thus preventing heat stroke or hypothermia.

Question 2: How might climate change impact the human body’s ability to regulate temperature? Provide a brief explanation.

Answer: Climate change can lead to more frequent and extreme temperature fluctuations, challenging the body’s ability to maintain temperature balance, potentially increasing cases of heatstroke, hypothermia, and related health issues.